Bones Quiz

long bone

long and narrow, has expanded ends

Bones

Organs of the skeletal system composed of various tissues.

Bones are made of many tissues

Bone tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood, and nervous tissue.

Multifunctional Bones

Alive and serve multiple functions such as supporting and protecting soft tissues, providing points of attachment for muscles, housing blood-producing cells, and storing organic salts.

Epiphysis

Expanded end of a bone.

Diaphysis

Bone shaft.

Metaphysis

Widening part between the diaphysis and epiphysis.

Articular cartilage

Cartilage that covers the epiphysis.

Periosteum

Dense connective tissue that encloses the bone.

Compact (cortical) bone

Wall of the diaphysis consisting of cylindrical units called osteons.

Osteons

Cylindrical units in compact bone containing osteocytes in lacunae.

Spongy (cancellous) bone

Makes up the epiphysis, consisting of branching plates called trabeculae.

Trabeculae

Branching bony plates that make up spongy bone.

Medullary cavity

Hollow chamber in the diaphysis containing marrow.

Endosteum

Membrane lining the medullary cavity and spongy bone spaces.

Bone marrow

Red or yellow marrow that lines the medullary cavity and spongy bone spaces.

Lamellae

Layers of matrix around the central canal in osteons.

Perforating Canal

Canals that join adjacent central canals in compact bone.

Blood vessels

Provide nutrients to bone tissue.

Canaliculi

Small channels that allow osteocytes to pass nutrients in compact bone.

Short bones

Cube-like bones with equal length and width.

Flat bones

Plate-like bones with broad surfaces.

Irregular bones

Bones with a variety of shapes, often connected to several other bones.

Major functions of bones

Provide shape to the body, support body structures, protect body structures, aid in body movements, contain tissue that produces blood cells, and store inorganic salts.

Hematopoiesis

Blood cell formation occurring in red bone marrow.

Inorganic Salt storage

Bone matrix consists of inorganic mineral salts, including hydroxyapatite, magnesium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, and carbonate ions.

Osteoporosis

Condition resulting from loss of bone mineralization, regulated by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.

Sutural (wormian) bones

Extra bones found in sutures between major skull bones.

Sesamoid bones

Small bones embedded in tendons, reducing friction.

Axial bones

Bones of the skull, middle ear, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.

Appendicular bones

Bones of the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs.