Business Ethics, Art Appreciation, and Contemporary Social Communication

Comprehensive practice flashcards in vocabulary format covering core concepts from Business Ethics, Art Appreciation, and Philippine Socio-Economic Communication lecture notes.

Ethics

The study of principles and standards that guide individuals in determining what is right or wrong, fair or unfair, and responsible or irresponsible beyond legal minimums.

Business Ethics

The systematic principles, values, and standards guiding how individuals and organizations conduct commercial activities, evaluate decisions, and manage relationships with all stakeholders.

Fraud Triangle

A conceptual framework explaining why individuals commit workplace misconduct, consisting of three conditions: Pressure, Opportunity, and Rationalization.

Tone at the Top

The ethical atmosphere created by executive leadership where managerial attitudes and accountability reward integrity or inadvertently normalize misconduct.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

A business commitment to operate ethically and sustainably by accounting for economic, social, environmental, and stakeholder impacts beyond legal compliance and short-term profit.

Carroll's CSR Pyramid

A four-tiered corporate responsibility model structured from base to peak as Economic responsibility, Legal responsibility, Ethical responsibility, and Philanthropic responsibility.

Triple Bottom Line

A sustainability framework evaluating corporate performance across three interconnected pillars: People (social), Planet (environmental), and Profit (economic).

Corporate Governance

The structural system of policies, internal controls, board oversight, and accountability mechanisms by which an organization is directed and managed.

Direct Misrepresentation

An explicit, objectively verifiable false statement or claim made about a product, service, or transaction.

Indirect Misrepresentation

A deceptive practice creating a false impression through omission, ambiguity, or selective disclosure, even if certain stated details are technically true.

Overpersuasion

Unethical selling or negotiation tactics employing extreme pressure, false urgency, fear, guilt, or exploitation of vulnerability to undermine free, informed customer choice.

Corruption

The abuse of entrusted power, authority, or official responsibility for private, improper, or unauthorized benefit.

Kickbacks

Secret, improper rewards or compensation negotiated in exchange for awarding contracts, approving expenditures, or directing commercial business.

PDAF Controversy

A 2013 Philippine public scandal involving the alleged diversion of the Priority Development Assistance Fund into fictitious projects through private intermediaries and non-governmental organizations.

Integrity Initiative Campaign

A Philippine private-sector-led multisectoral effort led by the Makati Business Club and the European Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines with Siemens Integrity Initiative support to promote corporate integrity pledges and ethical codes.

Republic Act No. 3019

The Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act in the Philippines, which defines and penalizes corrupt practices involving public officers and related private entities.

Bishops-Businessmen's Conference of the Philippines (BBCP)

A collaborative forum between religious leaders and business executives promoting an ethical tradition emphasizing human dignity, justice, fairness, and human development in commercial enterprise.

Curation

Derived from the Latin word "curare" (meaning to take care), the process of assembling, organizing, overseeing, and exhibiting artistic collections.

Tesserae

Small, irregularly cut pieces of colored stone, marble, or glass assembled together to form a mosaic.

Kinetic Sculpture

A three-dimensional sculptural work engineered to move mechanically or naturally via wind, water, or electric power.

Voussoirs

Separate wedge-shaped masonry blocks arranged sequentially in a semi-circle to construct an architectural arch.

Cantilever

An architectural construction system that uses a rigid horizontal beam or slab anchored only on one side and projecting outward into space.

Chiaroscuro

The artistic painting technique of modulating light and shadow (achromatic value) to give subjects the illusion of volumetric depth and spatial solid form.

Tenebrism

A dramatic painting style characterized by extreme contrasts between bright highlights and pervasive, murky shadows, known historically as the "dark manner."

Aerial Perspective

The visual technique of illustrating spatial distance by diminishing contrast, detail, and color intensity so distant elements appear hazy, muted, and grayer.

Concordance

The auditory agreement or pleasing resonance generated when two or more complementary musical tones are sounded simultaneously.

Timbre

The distinct tonal quality, color, or texture of a musical sound that allows listeners to distinguish between different instruments or human voices.

Rule of Thirds

A compositional guideline dividing an artwork's frame into nine equal sections via two horizontal and two vertical lines, placing key subjects near intersections to optimize visual tension.

Curiosita

A Da Vincian principle defined by Michael J. Gleb as approaching life with an insatiable quest for continuous learning and an elevated sense of wonder.

Sfumato

A Da Vincian principle translating to "going up in smoke," representing the readiness to embrace paradox, ambiguity, and life's unresolved uncertainties.

Arte/Scienza

A Da Vincian principle advocating a balance between art and science, imagination and logic, through holistic whole-brain thinking.

Connessione

A Da Vincian principle centered on recognizing and understanding the profound systemic interconnectedness of all events, things, and patterns.

Tsismisan

An informal interpersonal exchange of unverified or speculative information derived from the Spanish term "chismes," serving both communicative and bonding functions.

Umpukan

A spontaneous Filipino gathering or ritual conversation in common community spaces where participants informally discuss shared interests, everyday experiences, and local news.

Talakayan

A structured or informal dialogue focused on examining specific issues among participants to achieve mutual understanding, resolve conflicts, and guide practical action.

Pagbabahay-bahay

A grassroots communication practice involving door-to-door visits to households to collect information, present initiatives, conduct interviews, or mobilize community participation.

Pulong-Bayan

A traditional community assembly led by civic leaders to consult residents, deliberate public issues, and formulate collective community decisions.

Ekspresyong Lokal

Culturally specific idioms, vernacular expressions, and colloquial phrases whose true social meanings diverge from literal linguistic interpretations.

Economic Underdevelopment

As characterized by economist Alejandro Lichauco, an economy's structural inability to fabricate its own capital goods, industrial machinery, and production tools.

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)

A Philippine policy designed to redistribute agricultural land to landless farmers to address rural poverty, feudal tenancy relations, and economic disenfranchisement.

Nationalist Economics

An economic perspective asserting state leadership over private corporate control to develop national manufacturing, manage natural assets, and preserve social welfare.

Sustainable Development

Development that reconciles economic growth and human well-being with environmental conservation to avoid exhausting natural resources for future generations.

Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA 9729)

Philippine legislation creating the Climate Change Commission to formulate, integrate, and coordinate climate risk reduction policies across government bodies and LGUs.

Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)

A specialized solid waste facility dedicated to sorting, separating, and preparing recyclable and compostable waste materials to divert refuse away from landfills.