Kinesiology Exam #3

Chapters 7,8,9

Psychology of Physical Activity:

The study of human thought, emotion, and behavior within physical activity contexts.

The ABCs of Physical Activity:

• Affect: Emotions.

• Behavior: Actions.

• Cognitions: Thoughts.

Self-Perceptions:

An umbrella term for any type of evaluation about oneself or one’s ability.

Self-Efficacy:

Belief in one's ability to succeed in a specific task.

Perceived Competence:

Belief about one's ability in a certain life domain or subdomain.

Self-Esteem:

A global evaluation of one’s value as a person.

Group Dynamics:

Concepts that help explain how social interactions influence people's behavior in physical activity settings.

Task Cohesion

Working together toward a common goal.

Social Cohesion:

Interpersonal connection and relationships among group members.

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)

The “goodness” of the factors that can be affected by health and by health interventions.

Ergometers:

Exercise devices used in research and testing, including treadmills, leg and arm cycle ergometers, and swimming flumes.

Fast Glycolytic (FG) Fibers:

Fast-twitch muscle fibers that use almost exclusively anaerobic energy systems and are recruited at the highest intensities of physical activity.

Fast Oxidative Glycolytic (FOG) Fibers:

Fast-twitch muscle fibers that use both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems, recruited after slow-twitch fibers as exercise intensity increases.

Slow-Twitch Fibers:

Muscle fibers that primarily use aerobic energy systems; they fatigue slowly and are recruited first during light to moderate intensity exercise.

Strength:

The maximal amount of force exerted by a muscle or group of muscles.

Muscular Endurance:

A muscle’s ability to exert force repeatedly over a prolonged period.

Isometric Action:

Muscle tension production without changing muscle length (e.g., pushing hands against a wall)

Isotonic Action:

Tension production with changes in muscle length while resistance remains constant (e.g., lifting free weights).

Isokinetic Action:

Muscle length changes where joint movement occurs at a constant angular velocity (e.g., Biodex machine).

Cardiac Output:

The total amount of blood pumped out of the heart each minute, determined as a function of heart rate and stroke volume.

Heart Rate:

The number of heart beats per minute.

Stroke Volume:

The volume/amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat.

VO2Max:

Maximal oxygen uptake; the maximal amount of oxygen used by muscle tissue, which increases proportionally with exercise intensity until reaching maximum capacity

Ventilation:

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

Tidal Volume:

The product of the amount of air exhaled per breath.

Biomechanics of Physical Activity:

The study of how the basic laws of mechanical physics and engineering affect and shape the structure and function of the human body.

Mechanics:

A branch of physics that documents motion (kinematics) and the causes of motion (kinetics).

Kinematics:

The branch of mechanics that documents and describes motion.

Kinetics:

The branch of mechanics that studies the causes of motion (forces).

Force:

A push or pull acting on an object or the body.

Kinesiology professionals such as athletic trainers, personal trainers, and physical education teachers need a working knowledge of psychology of physical activity principles to be effective.

True

What do sport psychology and exercise psychology (disciplines of kinesiology) focus on? 

the study of human thought, emotion, and physical activity

Who was the first to devote a significant portion of his or her career to sport psychology? 

Coleman Griffith

Which of the following is NOT a goal of sport and exercise psychology? 

to predict the long-term outcomes for participants in an exercise program

Mechanics is the branch of physics that documents motion, known as __________, and the causes of motion, known as __________. 

kinematics, kinetics

The two main themes of the biomechanics of physical activity are 

function and structure

Biomechanists typically work in all of the following settings EXCEPT 

nutrition facilities that target women

Which of the following is defined as the study of the function of human beings using the principles and methods of physics and engineering? 

biomechanics

Kinematics is 

a branch of physics that documents motion

Exercise physiology is the study of 

acute and chronic bodily responses to physical activity

When body temperature rises during physical activity, which thermoregulatory response is stimulated? 

vasodilation of skin blood vessels and then sweating

All of the following are considered characteristics of health-related physical fitness EXCEPT 

biochemistry

What type of muscle fiber uses anaerobic energy systems almost exclusively?

fast glycolytic fibers

What type of exercise produces tension in the muscle without changing length? 

isometric

Three Main goals of Sport Psychology

To understand the factors that influence people’s participation,

understand the psychological effects from participation in activity,

apply knowledge to enhance experiences for those who participate in physical activity

Main goals of exercise physiology

how to enhance physical performance

understand how physical activity and exercise improve health and fitness

understand how exercise can be used in treating and preventing disease and alleviating symptoms of disease

How to improve physical function in altered environments

Define biomechanics and describe its importance in understanding human movement within kinesiology and related careers.

The scientific study of forces acting on and generated within biologicall systems, and it helps to answer the questions of what the body is doing, and what forces are causing those movements.

Explain the Difference between FOG and FG Fibers

FOG uses aerobic resperation for its metabolism, FG uses anaerobic glycolysis. FOG also has higher fatigue resistance.