BME 430

t-PA

Tissue plasminogen activator, a protein that helps break down blood clots by changing plasminogen into plasmin.

Opsonization

The process of covering a pathogen or particle with antibodies or complement proteins to enhance recognition and engulfment by immune cells.

Convection

The movement of a substance due to the bulk flow of a fluid.

Frustrated phagocytosis

A process occurring when an immune cell attempts to engulf something too large to be taken in, causing the cell to release enzymes outside.

Inflammation

The body's protective response to injury, infection, or foreign material, involving immune cells, signaling molecules, and changes in blood vessels.

Hypoxia

A condition in which a tissue does not receive enough oxygen.

Lyophilization

A freeze-drying process where a material is frozen and then water is removed by sublimation.

Fibrosis

The excessive buildup of extracellular matrix, particularly collagen, leading to scar tissue formation.

Knockout model

An animal model in which a specific gene has been removed or inactivated for the study of its function.

Vascularization

The formation of blood vessels within a tissue.

Langmuir model

A model explaining protein adsorption, suggesting surfaces have limited binding sites for a single layer of molecules without strong interactions.

M1 macrophages

Pro-inflammatory macrophages active during early wound healing that kill pathogens and release cytokines.

M2 macrophages

Anti-inflammatory macrophages that help reduce inflammation and support tissue repair during later stages of healing.

Vasculogenesis

The formation of new blood vessels from endothelial precursor cells.

Angiogenesis

The process of forming new blood vessels from existing vessels by endothelial cell sprouting.

Arteriogenesis

The enlargement and remodeling of small vessels into larger arteries due to increased blood flow.

Floxing

The process of inserting loxP sites around a gene for conditional gene editing using Cre recombinase.

Electrospinning

A technique used to create aligned fibers for tissue engineering that mimics the natural structure of tendon tissue.

3D bioprinting

A tissue fabrication method that creates different tissue regions with varied materials and cell compositions.

Fick’s first law of diffusion

A law stating that the diffusive flux is proportional to the concentration gradient.

Classical pathway

A complement activation pathway initiated by antibody binding to antigens, leading to C1 activation.

Alternative pathway

A complement activation pathway that begins without antibodies, through direct interaction with foreign surfaces.

Scaffold-free tissue fabrication

A method of creating tissue where cells organize on their own without a synthetic scaffold.

Bioreactor

A system that provides a controlled environment for growing tissues, allowing for physical and chemical parameter optimization.

Complement system

A part of the immune system involving a series of proteins that aid in the destruction of pathogens.

Lumen

The internal open space of a blood vessel, not a structural component of the vessel wall.

Thermal conduction

The transfer of heat, which does not affect the transport of molecules for adsorption.

C3

The central control point of the complement system where different pathways converge.

Type II hypersensitivity

A cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction involving antibodies that bind to cells and cause their destruction.