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Last updated 6:08 PM on 3/11/25
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50 Terms

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Nucleotides
The monomers of DNA.
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DNA
Stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
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Nucleus
The organelle where DNA is usually found.
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Components of a nucleotide
Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.
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DNA
Carries the genetic information of an organism.
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Complementary bases
Adenine (purine) pairs with Thymine (pyrimidine).
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Nucleotide Structure
Made up of sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base.
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Complementary DNA bases for AACG
TTGC.
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Helicase
The enzyme that unwinds the DNA to prepare for replication.
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DNA Polymerase
Responsible for adding nucleotides during DNA replication.
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Helicase
Enzyme that unwinds the DNA.
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Ligase
Seals the Okazaki fragments together.
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Primase
Synthesizes a short fragment of RNA for DNA polymerase to bind.
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Components of a nucleotide
Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.
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Helicase
The enzyme that unwinds a segment of the DNA molecule.
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DNA
A polymer made of nucleotides.
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DNA Replication
The process of making a copy of DNA.
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Single Strand Binding
Protein used to prevent the two strands from coming back together.
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DNA Primase
The enzyme that builds the RNA primer for DNA polymerase.
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Topoisomerase
Prevent DNA from supercoiling.
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Primase
Builds an RNA primer as a starting point for DNA polymerase.
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Okazaki Fragments
Occur because DNA polymerase builds in a 5’ to 3’ direction.
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Complementary strand for 3’ AAA TTT C 5’
5’ TTT AAA G 3’.
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Complementary sequence for CAT TCA CTG
GTA AGT GAC.
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Order of replication
3 4 1 2.
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RNA
Nucleic acid that carries information for making proteins.
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tRNA
RNA that carries specific amino acids.
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mRNA
RNA that carries the message encoded in DNA.
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Ribosome
A molecule made of rRNA that translates the message from mRNA.
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Introns
The non-coding sections of pre-mRNA.
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Transcription location
Occurs in the nucleus.
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RNA
Single-stranded and not double-stranded.
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Functions of RNA
Involved in protein synthesis but does not create amino acids.
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Protein Synthesis Processes
Transcription and translation.
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mRNA during transcription
The molecule made during transcription.
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Uracil
A base found only in RNA.
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Transfer RNA
Carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome.
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Codons
The three base segments of mRNA.
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Transcribe DNA sequence AAG CTT TGC into RNA
UUC GAA ACG.
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Complementary DNA strand for TCG ATA CGA
AGC TAT GCT.
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Semi-Conservative Replication
Means that each DNA molecule has one original strand and one new strand.
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Protein Making Sequence
Information in DNA is transferred into RNA and then made into protein.
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Cytosine pairs with
Guanine.
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Nucleus
Organelle where DNA is usually found.
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Adenine bonds with
Thymine in DNA.
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Genetic flow direction
DNA-RNA-Protein.
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Process from DNA to mRNA
Transcription.
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Process from mRNA to a protein
Translation.
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Amino acid for codon UUA
Leucine.
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Process in the photo
Translation.