P1 Energy Stores and Transfers
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Description and Tags
Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, energy stores, energy transfers, power, and efficiency from the P1 Energy stores and transfers topic.
17 Terms
System
An object or group of objects.
Closed system
A system where no energy can escape to or enter from the surroundings, such that the total energy in the system never changes.
Kinetic energy
The energy an object has because it is moving.
Gravitational potential energy
The energy an object has because of its height above the ground.
Elastic potential energy
The energy an elastic object has when it is stretched or compressed.
Thermal (or internal) energy
The energy an object has because of its temperature (the total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in the object).
Chemical energy
Energy that can be transferred by chemical reactions involving foods, fuels, and the chemicals in batteries.
Nuclear energy
Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.
Magnetic energy
The energy a magnetic object has when it is near a magnet or in a magnetic field.
Electrostatic energy
The energy a charged object has when it is near another charged object.
Dissipated energy
Energy that is often described as being wasted, meaning it is transferred to less useful stores (such as the thermal energy store of the surroundings).
Work done
A term that means the same thing as energy transferred, occurring when a force moves or changes the shape of an object.
Power
How much work is done (or how much energy is transferred) per second, measured in watts (W).
Thermal insulator
A material that has a low thermal conductivity, meaning the rate of energy transfer through it is low.
Lubrication
A way of reducing unwanted energy transfer due to friction.
Streamlining
A way of reducing energy wasted due to air resistance or drag in water.
Efficiency
A measure of how much energy is transferred usefully, calculated as useful output energy transfer divided by total input energy transfer, or useful power output divided by total power input.