What's in My Medicine Cabinet Unit 2

Fever: symptoms, temp, cause

symptoms: sweating, chills, aches, weakness, dehydration

temp: 100.4 considered a fever, 98.6 is normal

cause: body fighting off infection, virus or bacteria

2 complications of a fever

Febrile seizure: 6month-5years not common, rapid high temps, more prone to get second one, fam history

dehydration: rapid fluid loss, more common in elderly and infant

5 types of thermometers

rectal: closest reading to core body temp, preferred in infants, gold standard

temporal: quick, noninvasive, hair+sweat can affect reading

ear: pretty accurate, must be positioned in canal properly, uses infrared technology, quick

oral: ages 3+, do not eat or drink 30 min before

Armpit: noninvasive, not as reliable, will read colder

4 self-care options for a fever

-rest

-stay cool, light blankets and clothing

-hydration

-otc medication

antipyretics

Drugs that reduce fever

analgesics

drugs that relieve pain

medications for fevers

acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin

Acetaminophen facts

Antipyretic and analgesic

good med for all populations

comes in many forms

lasts about 4-6 hours

blocks pain receptors in the brain

metabolized in liver, no alcohol

DOES NOT REDUCE INFLAMATION

NSAIDS facts

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin

antipyretic and analgesic

take with food, irritate stomach, stomach ulcers

blocks pain receptors in the brain

REDUCES INFLAMATION

metabolized in kidneys

caution in people with heart disease or high bp

ibuprofen facts, type, age, duration

NSAID

6 months+

lasts 6-8 hours

naproxen facts type, age, duration

NSAID

12 years+

8-12 hours

aspirin facts type, age, complication

NSAID

16 years+ Reye's Syndrome

can be a blood thinner

Reye's Syndrome

-Associated with aspirin use in kids under 16 during treatment of viral illness: chickenpox, influenza

-Rare but serious, brain swelling and liver damage

When adults should seek medical help for fever, 5

temp over 100.4

severe headache

fever that lasts longer then 3 days

signs of infection

impaired immune function

when children should seek medical help for fever

prolonged vomiting or diarrhea

refuses to drink fluids

not urinating

very sleepy and difficult to wake

stiff neck

develops rash or spots

history of febrile seizures

less than 2 and fever last longe then 24 hours

less than 3 months old and has fever

Nociceptive Pain: definition, symptoms, examples, looks

-injury or inflammation of body tissue

-dull, aching, pressure, squeezing, cramping

-broken bone, tendinitis, cuts, scrapes, pulled muscle

-can be acute (short term) or chronic

-area may be swollen, warm, red, bruised

Neuropathic Pain: definition, symptoms, examples

-Damage of dysfunction of nerves

-Burning, numbness, tingling, shooting, electric

-diabetes neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, shingles

RICE therapy

Rest, for 48 hours

Ice, 15-20 min 4-8 times a day

Compress, to reduce swelling

Elevate, above the heart

-Purpose is to reduce swelling and promote healing

-recommended for first 1-3 days after muscle or joint injury

MEAT therapy

Movement, gentle stretching for blood flow

Exercise, prevent reoccurring injury

Analgesics, pain relief

Treatment, physical therapy, may require provider

-use after RICE once swelling and pain decrease

Heat: pros, how to use

-Helps muscle stiffness, increase blood flow

-Heating pad, water bottle, patches

-15-20 min 3-4 times per day

-do not apply to inflammation, wounds, or while sleeping

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

-safe levels of electrical waves to body

-release endorphins, reduce pain sensation

-don't use on face, head, wounds, backbone

-15-30 min 3 times per day

8 Other non-medication treatments for pain

stretching, massage, acupuncture, cupping, yoga, tai chi, chiropractic care, physical therapy

Diclofenac gel (Voltaren), type, use, duration

-NSAID

-commonly used on joints for arthritis

-do not apply to more than 2 areas of body

-can use for 21 days

Lidocaine, use, dose, types, complications

-local anesthetic=numbing sensation

-max 3 times per day up to 7 days

-gel, roll on, patches

-may cause allergic skin reactions

Counterirritants, use, dose, complications

-menthol, camphor, bio-freeze, icy hot, salonpas

-cooling sensation

-3-4 times per day, max 7 days

-may cause skin burns, camphor is toxic when ingested

Capsican, derived from, use, dose, side effects

-derived from chili peppers

-causes burning or heat sensation

-3-4 times a day, may take 1-2 weeks for full effect

-can cause skin burning, cough, runny nose

Trolamine Salicylate (Aspercream), related to, dose, complication

-anti-inflammatory effect related to Aspirin

-Limited studies

-3-4 times per day up to 7 days

Topical treatment application instructions

-don't apply to irritated or open wounds

-stop if pain, blistering, or swelling

-don not tightly banage or apply heat

-avoid eyes and genitals

when to seek medical attention for pain

-sever pain, 6+/10

-last 10 days

-increasing intensity

-loss of bowel or bladder control

-nausea, vomiting, fever, infection

-pregnancy

tension headache, location, feeling, triggers

-most common type

-both sides of head

-diffuse ache, tightening, pressing, constricting

-triggers: eye strain, stress, anxiety, insomnia

sinus headache, location, feeling, casues

-face, forehead, eye socket

-pressure behind eyes or sinuses, dull pain

-causes: infection, blocked sinuses, allergies

Migraine headache, location, feeling, symptoms

-one side of head

-throbbing, pulsing

-may start with or without aura

-visual: simmering, flashing light, blind spots

-sensory: numbness, tingle face or hands, on one side

-Motor: speech problems or muscle weakness

medication overuse headache

-headache 15+ times a month due to medication

-more than 200mg caffeine

-avoid medication for headaches more than 2 times a week

non-medication treatment for headache

-headache diary

-adequate sleep, hydration, regular meals, exercise

-ice packs

-massage, stretch neck

-acupuncture

OTC treatment for headache

-acetaminophen

-NSAIDS: ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin

-Caffeine

when to seek medical attention for headache

-sever pain

-lasts longer then 10 days

-neck stiffness, fevers, inflection

-pregnancy

-migraine symptoms

-less than 8 years old

what are allergies

immune system reaction to a foreign substance/allergen

allergen causes antibodies to form

antibodies activate mast cells

mast cells release histamine

what is histamine

inflammation and allergy symptoms, released by mast cells

common trigger of allergens

pollen, grass, irritants, pollution, smoke, pet dander, mold, dust mites

allergy symptoms

sneezing, stuffy nose, red/itchy/watery eyes

allergy prevention

minimize exposure to allergens

vacuum, windows closed, shower

monitor pollen count

air filter/ purifier

4 otc allergy treatments

nasal wetting and irrigation

nasal steroids

antihistamines; oral or nasal

decongestant

nasal wetting and irrigation

0.9% normal saline

clears out allergens and died mucus from nasal passage

moistens mucus membranes

neti pot

nasal steroids facts

good for: itchy, runny nose, congestion, sneezing

reduce swelling + mucus in nasal passages

can take days to weeks for full effect

ages 2+

side effects: nasal discomfort, dryness, bleeding, cough

drug names for nasal steroids

Fluticasone: Flonase

budesonide: Rhinocort

triamcinolone: Nasacort

Mometasone: Nasonex

How to use a nasal spray

blow nose

shake/spray as directed

keep head level/lean forward

aim away from center of nose

spray while inhaling with mouth closed

Antihistamines facts

prevent release of histamines

relieve symptoms of itchy, runny nose, sneezing

2 types: 1st and 2nd generation

1st generation antihistamines names, side effects, caution ages

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Chlorpheniramine: Chlor-trimeton

Doxylamine: combo in sleep products

-drowsiness, dry eyes, dry mouth, constipation

-caution in elderly

-6+

2nd generation antihistamines, names, dose, side effects

Loratadine (Claritin)

Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

Fexofenadine (Allegra)

-24 hour

-less drowsiness

Nasal Antihistamines name, dose, how it works, side effects

-Azelastine (Astepro)

-treat nasal symptoms locally

-fast acting

-once or twice a day

-6+

-bitter tase, burning, pain, headache

when to seek medical attention for allergies

otc not working after 1-2 weeks

pregnant with no prior allergies

under 12 with no prior allergies

lung conditions: asthma

infection

what is a cold

viral infection of nose and throat

200+ types of viruses

spreads through direct or indirect contact and airborne

random cold facts to remember

-colds are highly contagious

-green mucus does not always mean a sinus infection

-otc medication will not shorten cold but ease symptoms

-antibiotics will not help with cold, they only help bacterial infections, COLD IS VIRAL

-colds can last 2 weeks

-being outside in the cold will not cause a cold

-vitamin C does not prevent cold, but help recovery

-Viruses like dry environments, winter months

Cold symptoms

sneezing, runny nose, thick dark mucus, sore throat, body aches, symptoms take about 3 days to appear and usually last for about a week to 2 weeks

how to prevent colds

wash hands, hand sanitizer, cover sneeze, disinfect, face masks

non-drug treatment for colds

rest, fluids, hot drinks, humidifiers, breath strips, hard candies, irrigation, aromatic oils, limit milk consumption

Otc options for colds

-pain reliver/ fever reducer

-decongestants

-antihistamines

-cough suppressants

-lozenges

How to treat fever, aches, pains

-Acetaminophen: Tylenol

-Ibuprofen: Advil, Motrin

-Naproxen: Aleve

-Aspirin: Bayer

can cause stomach upset, bleeding, take with food

How to treat nasal congestion

-decongestants

-constricts blood vessels in nasal cavity to reduce inflammation

-oral or spray

-nasal wetting or irrigation

Oral Decongestants names

pseudoephedrine: Sudafed

-behind counter, misuse for meth

-show ID, quantity limits

phenylephrine: Sudafed-PE

-less effective, in combo products

-can increase heart rate and BP, keep you up at night

Nasal Decongestants name, how it works, side effects, dose

- Oxymetazoline (Afrin),

- Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

-Stays in nose, less side effects

-6+

-nose irritation, dryness

-only use 3 days, rebound congestion

How to treat runny nose

Antihistamine: dry mucus

Diphenhydramine: Benadryl

Loratadine: Claritin

Cetirizine: Zyrtec

Fexofenadine: Allegra

Levocetirizine: Xyzal

How to treat a dry cough

-Dextromethorphan: Delsym, Robitussin

-Cough suppressant: antitussive, acts in brain to suppress cough reflex

-use with a Non-Productive cough

-4+

-drowsiness, nausea, upset stomach

what is a non-productive cough

dry cough, no mucus

what is a productive cough

wet cough, mucus

how to treat cough related to post-nasal drip

Antihistamines

-Diphenhydramine: Benadryl

-Loratadine: Claritin

-Cetirizine: Zyrtec

-Fexofenadine: Allegra

-Levocetirizine: Xyzal

Decongestants

-Pseudoephedrine

-Phenylephrine

How to treat a wet cough

Guaifenesin: Mucinex

expectorant: protussive

use with productive cough

thins + loosen mucus

-4+

-nausea, upset stomach

how to treat sore throat

lozenges or throat numbing spray

-menthol: cool and soothe

-benzocaine: numb and pain relief

-phenol: pain relief

-honey: soothe

lozenges increase salivation which can reduce throat irritation

menthol can have overuse coughing

when to seek medical attention for cough/cold

-infants or under 6years minimal otc available

-symptoms worsen

-fever with cough for more than 3 days

-chest pain, shortness of breath

-sever barkign or whooping

-cough lasts more than 3 weeks

-heart or lung disease

-weak immune system

what are dietary supplements, main names

vitamins, minerals, herbs/botanicals, amino acids

other names for dietary supplements

Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM)

Nutraceuticals

Natural products

Phytochemicals, plant based

where can health providers and consumers report problems with dietary supplemnts

FDA safety reporting portal

-adverse health effects

-manufacturing issues

Labeling requirements for dietary supplements

-name of product + the word "supplement"

-net quantity

- manufacturer name and place

-directions for use

- supplements facts panel

-other ingredients

what is on a supplement facts panel

serving size, dietary, amount per serving, percent daily value if on is established

what must the supplement fact panel for plant-based products include

Latin binomial, part of the plant used

what must the supplement fact panel for Proprietary blend include

list individual ingredients, but not quantity

where to find dietary supplement info

National Institute of Health

-office of dietary supplements

-national center for complementary and supplemental health

-Herb List App

-Medline Plus

-FDA

-Consumer Lab.com

2 dietary supplement quality issues

Manufacturing methods not standardized

-variations in plant species or part of plant used

-sub-therapeutic or supra-therapeutic effects

Adulteration

-unintentional or intentional

-adding bad chemicals

what are quality assurance programs

the manufacturer pays outside parties to test the quality of supplements, it is voluntary by the manufacturer

reasons to use dietary supplements

-medical evidence, needed for condition or patient

-nutrient deficiency, potential or actual

-failed other conventional therapies

-adjunct to conventional therapies

risks for vitamin and nutrient deficiency

-inadequate dietary intake: eating disorders, dementia

-poor absorption: gastric bypass, GI issues

-Increased metabolic needs: pregnancy

-medications effecting nutrient absorption

what is salt fortified with to prevent what

fortified with iodine to prevent thyroid disease

what are dairy products fortified with and why

fortified with vitamin D for bone health

what is flour fortified with

thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, folic acid, iron

what is orange juice fortified with

calcium

vitamin and mineral facts

-$21.2 billion in vitamin, mineral, supplement sales

-more than 1/3 Americans regularly use them

-supplements should not replace mineral consumption in diet

-consider risk/benefit for supplementation

Fat soluble vitamins which ones 4, where they are stored, when deficiencies occur

Vitamins: A, D, E, K

Stored in body tissue

intake of excess quantities may be toxic

deficiencies: poor absorption diseases, medications that effect absorption

water soluble vitamins, which ones, how they are excreted

Vitamin C and B

excess excreted in urine

daily intake desired for optimal health

Vitamin D sources

salmon, mackerel, beef liver, egg yolks, fortified dairy

Vitamin D benifits

Bone and cardiovascular health

Body makes vitamin D when skin sees sunlight

people at high risk for Vitamin D deficiency

breastfed infants, elderly, dark skin, and obese people

Vitamin C sources

citrus fruit, strawberry, cantaloupe, kiwi, red and green peppers, broccoli, potatoes, tomatoes

Vitamin C benefits aka ascorbic acid

antioxidants help body make collagen

helps absorption of iron from foods

Vitamin C aka ascorbic acid Harms

conflicting benefits for common cold

smoking depletes vitamin C

Vitamin B12 sources

meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy, beef liver, and clams

Vitamin B12 importance

important for healthy nerve and blood cells, helps make DNA

Vitamin B12 Harms

need acid and intrinsic factor in stomach to absorb

taking acid reducing medications may decrease absorption

vegan diets may lead to deficiency

deficiency can cause anemia and tingling in feet

Vitamin B9 sources

beef liver, asparagus, brussels sprouts, dark leafy green veggies, oranges, nuts, beans, peas

Vitamin B9 benefits

important for cell division, DNA production, brain and spinal cord development

fortified foods recommended for ALL women of childbearing age

Vitamin B9 harms

deficiency can cause anemia

low levels of folate can cause depression

deficiency in mothers can cause spina bifida and birth defects in the brain of fetus