AP Bio organelles

plasma membrane

phospholipid bilayer - ALL CELLS

cytoplasm

where everything takes place - ALL CELLS

cytosol

liquid in the cytoplasm - ALL CELLS

nucleus

stores genetic info - Animal and Plant

nucleolus

hugs nucleus - Animal and Plant

Ribosome

Makes proteins - ALL CELLS

endomembrane

what’s inside the cell (all the organelles) - Animal and Plant

vesicles

tunnel/slide - ALL CELLS

vacuoles

“pit stop”; holds water, nutrients, waste - ALL CELLS

rough ER

has ribosomes on the outside, compartmentalizes cell, has protein - Animal and Plant

smooth ER

NO ribosomes, lipid synthesis, detox (liver) - Animal and Plant

Golgi

modifies, packages, and sorts proteins via Rough ER and sends to Vessicle - Animal and Plant

Lysosome

breaks down waste, old cells, and foreign invaders - Animal and Plant

central vacuole

central area used for storage, structure, holds waste, and cell growth - Plant

mitochondria

makes ATP via cell respiration - Animal and Plant

chloroplast

converts light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis - Plant

cytoskeleton

provides structure - ALL CELLS

centrosome

MicroTubular Organizing Center - ALL CELLS

cell wall

structure - Plants and Bacteria

plasmodesmata

connection between plant cells - Plant

Gap Junctions

connection between animal cells - Animal

flagella

long tail-like structure used for cell movement (motor proteins)

cilia

a lot of short hairs that are used for cell movement and powered by motor proteins

pseudopod

temporary cell extensions used for cell movement powered by motor proteins

what is Apoptosis?

when cells kill unneeded/old cells without causing inflammation

1) damaged cells that can cause harm

2) during growth and development

Proteins in free ribosome go where?

stay inside the cell

Proteins from attached ribosome do what and go where?

make proteins for secretion, membrane, or lysosome

What is the main goal of the endomembrane system?

to work together to synthesize, modify, package, and transport proteins and lipids within eukaryotic cells

What is the order of the endomembrane system?

DNA —> Ribosome —> Rough ER —> Transport Vesicle —> Golgi —> Secretory Vesicle —> Cell Membrane —> Outside the cell

What do all cells have? (5)

1. Cytosol

2. Cytoskeleton

3. Chromosomes (P - O; E - I)

4. Plasma membrane

5. Ribosomes

Eukaryotic characteristics

1. Big

2. Animal/Plant/Fungi

3. BIG CORPORATE = specialized areas

4. Nucleus

Prokaryotic characteristics

1. Small

2. Bacteria

3. SMALL BUIS = everything done in one spot

4. NO Nucleus

what are characteristics of plasma membrane?

semipermeable

why is plasma membrane semipermeable?

hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads (phospholipid bilayer)

what types of mc’s are permeable?

small nonpolar mc’s (lipids, CO2, O2)

what types of mc’s are non-permeable?

large molecules and charged particles (sugar, H2O, ions)

what does cholesterol do in the plasma membrane?

it helps stabilize fluidity

What is fluid membrane?

when the lipid tails are unsaturated with many kinks = more porous

what is Viscous membrane?

when lipid tails are saturated = less porous

what is fluid mosaic model? (plasma membrane)

a flexible layer made up of different molecules that move around

what do glycoproteins and glycolipids do?

• cell recognition

• important in tissue and organ development