States of Matter and Particle Theory
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Vocabulary flashcards covering the particle arrangements in solids, liquids, and gases, state changes, and the limitations of the simple particle model.
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12 Terms
Solids
A state of matter in which particles are packed together in a regular pattern with almost no spaces, making them extremely hard to compress and giving them a fixed shape where particles can vibrate but not move from place to place.
Liquids
A state of matter in which particles are close together with not many spaces, making them extremely hard to compress, but allowing them to flow and take the shape of their container because the particles can move.
Gases
A state of matter in which particles are widely spaced and move quickly and randomly, making them extremely easy to compress and able to spread out to fill their container.
Melting
The change of state from a solid to a liquid that occurs at the melting point when energy is added to break the forces of attraction between particles.
Melting point
The specific temperature at which a solid converts into a liquid.
Candle wax
A solid substance with relatively weak forces of attraction between its particles, resulting in a relatively low melting point.
Sodium chloride
A solid substance with very strong forces of attraction between its particles, giving it a very high melting point.
Freezing
The change of state from a liquid back to a solid that takes place when a liquid is cooled down to its melting point, causing forces of attraction between particles to reform.
Boiling
The change of state from a liquid to a gas that takes place at the boiling point when energy is put in to break strong forces of attraction between particles.
Boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid converts into a gas, which is the same temperature at which a gas condenses back into a liquid.
Condensing
The change of state from a gas back to a liquid that takes place when a gas is cooled to its boiling point, causing forces of attraction between particles to reform.
Limitations of the simple particle model
The model incorrectly assumes that all particles are solid spheres with varied shapes not accounted for, and incorrectly assumes there are no forces between particles.