russu: pharm chem atomic struc & bonding

why it’s important

• basis of drug moc

  • shape, flexibility, reactivity, stability, solubility

atomic theory of matter

• atoms make up all matter

where are electrons held

energy levels

• shells are main energy levels

each energy level has orbitals

shape of s orbital

spheres

• carry up to 2 e- total

p orbitals

• dumbell shaped

• degenerate —> equal energy

• total 6e-

ionic bond

• metal & nonmetal

• e- transfer from metal to nonmetal

covalent bonds

btw nonmetals, e- shared

which moc has both ionic & covalent bonds

naproxen

covalent bonding may require what btw orbitals

hybridization

sp3

ex: 1s + 3p —> 4 sp3

sp2

1s + 3p —> 3sp2 + 1 unchanged p-orbital

how many bonds can boron make

3 bonds

tamoxifen HCl

organic

• salt, ionic bond

• pi bonds, not flexible

• flat but not same plane

• has steric hindrance

rules for resonance

• electrons move, not atoms

• interconverted by movement of e-

• overall charge the same

• adjacent like charges are disfavored

summary

• most drugs are organic small moc

• most abundant atom types in drug moc

  • HONC

• drug moc can be composed of both ionic & covalent bonds

• atom hybridization det molecular geometry

difference in energy

e- in isolated n-bonds > energy than e- in sigma bonds

• more reactive, common site of chemical degradation