Gender Psychology and Research Methods Lecture Notes

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering adolescent development, body image, gender differences, research methods, workplace metaphors, and social norms from the lecture.

Physical changes that lead to sexual maturity are defined as __________.

Puberty

The psychological changes that occur during puberty are known as __________.

Adolescence

A person's first menstrual cycle is referred to as __________.

Menarche

Predictors of menarche include weight, stress, socioeconomic status, and __________.

nutrition

According to research, there is __________ evidence to support the idea that women have synchronized menstrual cycles.

no

A painful menstrual cycle accompanied by cramps, nausea, fatigue, or back pain is known as __________.

Dysmenorrhea

Symptoms of dysmenorrhea can be reduced by heating pads, muscle relaxation, adequate sleep, and __________.

exercise

Self-understanding across physical, social, and psychological characteristics is called __________.

Identity

The measure of how much one likes and values the self is known as __________.

Self-esteem

Gender differences in self-esteem are minimal in childhood, early adolescence, and later adulthood, but are somewhat larger in __________.

late adolescence

Regarding race and self-esteem, White Americans have a larger gender difference, while Black Americans have a __________ gender difference.

smaller

A statistical method that aggregates research findings across many studies to discern reliable patterns is a __________.

Meta-analysis

The strongest predictor of self-worth for adolescent girls is physical appearance, whereas for adolescent boys it is __________.

athletic competence

Girls are predominantly valued for their body's appearance, while boys are valued for their body's __________.

performance

Guarantees of equal access to educational and sports opportunities for all genders were established in 1972 by __________.

Title IX

Focusing on body image concern as a risk factor for poor mental health and eating disorders reflects a __________ lens.

deficit

A positive sense of being in one's own body is known as __________.

Embodiment

A smaller, manageable subset of individuals selected and measured from a larger group is called a __________.

Sample

In psychological research, __________ college students are overrepresented.

White

Statistical significance occurs when sample data meet statistical criteria showing confidence that the same direction of difference would occur in other samples, even if the __________ significance is very small.

practical

When comparing mathematics assessments by gender, research reveals __________ practical significance.

no

The hypothesis stating that males and females share similarity on most, but not all, psychological variables is the __________ Hypothesis.

Gender Similarities

The hypothesis stating that gender differences in outcomes like math performance relate to societal opportunity structures is the __________ Hypothesis.

Gender Stratification

In the experiment by Feng et al. (2007), the independent variable was the __________.

type of video games training

What people generally do in a situation is a descriptive norm, whereas what people are told they should do is an __________ norm.

injunctive

When decoding nonverbal communication, individuals who have __________ power in a given situation are typically more accurate.

less

Discrimination that occurs in the hiring process is termed __________ discrimination.

Access

Discrimination that women encounter after they have obtained a job is referred to as __________ discrimination.

Treatment

The metaphor of an invisible but rigid barrier preventing women and marginalized groups from reaching top organizational levels is the __________.

Glass ceiling metaphor

The metaphor describing women encountering dead ends, detours, and puzzling pathways toward promotion is the __________.

Labyrinth metaphor

The metaphor describing women employed in low-level jobs with no chance of promotion is the __________.

Sticky floor metaphor

The metaphor describing men in traditionally feminine occupations being quickly promoted into management is the __________.

Glass escalator metaphor

When a participant responds to what they think the researchers want rather than answering honestly, __________ have occurred.

Demand characteristics

The concept that different sexual behaviors are expected of, and valued for, men and women is known as the __________.

Sexual double standard

In the Marks and Zaikman (2024) journal entry experiment, the independent variable was the __________.

gender of the writer