Endocrine Glands Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on endocrine glands, their functions, and relevant hormones.

What is the location of the pituitary gland?

At the base of the brain, attached to the hypothalamus.

What are the functions of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

Stimulates the thyroid to secrete thyroxin.

What are the effects of Growth Hormone (GH)?

Promotes growth of skeleton and muscles, maintaining muscle mass and bone mass.

What is the role of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in females?

Stimulates maturing and releasing of eggs during oogenesis.

What hormone is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that controls osmoregulation?

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH).

What does oxytocin do?

Causes milk letdown in nursing mothers and stimulates uterine muscle contractions.

What is the cause of hypersecretion of Growth Hormone in children?

Often caused by a tumor in the pituitary gland, leading to gigantism.

What is hypothyroidism?

Under-secretion of thyroxin, causing very low metabolism.

What condition is caused by a lack of iodine in the diet?

Goiter.

What hormone does the pancreas secrete in response to high blood glucose levels?

Insulin.

What is the function of glucagon?

Increases blood glucose levels when they drop below normal.

What structure of the adrenal gland secretes adrenalin?

Adrenal medulla.

What are the two main hormones produced by the ovaries?

Oestrogen and progesterone.

What is the result of the hyposecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in both males and females?

Infertility.

What is acromegaly?

Over-secretion of Growth Hormone in adults leading to enlarged features.

What causes male infertility?

Problems affecting sperm production or transport in the testes.

What is the relationship between insulin and glucose levels in the blood?

Insulin decreases blood glucose levels.

What is the treatment for type 1 diabetes?

Daily insulin injections.

Which hormone is mainly responsible for the reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidneys?

Aldosterone.