Anatomy 6511 Middle Mediastinum and Heart 낱말 카드

Mediastinum

What term describes the central region between the right and left pulmonary cavities?

T1-T4

What spinal cord levels define the superior mediastinum?

T5-T12

What spinal cord levels define the inferior mediastinum?

Transverse plane passing through the sternal angle and the T4/T5 intervertebral disc

What defines the superior extent of the middle mediastinum?

Diaphragm

What defines the inferior extent of the middle mediastinum?

Pericardium, heart, phrenic nerves, pericardiophrenic vessels, and roots of the great vessels

What are the major contents of the middle mediastinum?

Pericardium

What term describes the fibroserous sac that encloses the heart and reflects at the root of the great vessels?

Fibrous pericardium

What is the superficial layer of the pericardium?

Serous pericardium

What is the deep layer of the pericardium?

Parietal pericardium

What is the outer layer of the serous pericardium?

Visceral pericardium

What is the inner layer of the serous pericardium?

Fibrous pericardium

Which layer of the pericardium is made of tough, inelastic connective tissue?

Central tendon of the diaphragm

What is the fibrous pericardium attached to?

Pericardium and heart

What does the fibrous pericardium control the position of?

Limits filling capacity of the heart (prevents overfilling)

What is the primary function of the fibrous pericardium?

Mesothelial cells

What type of cells line the serous pericardium that produce a lubricating fluid to reduce friction when the heart moves?

Creates a smooth, frictionless environment for the heart to pump

What is the primary function of the serous pericardium (mesothelial cells aid in this)?

Parietal serous and visceral serous pericardium

Between which two layers of the pericardium is the pericardial cavity?

Cardiac tamponade

What occurs when excess fluid/blood enters the pericardial cavity and restricts the volume of the heart?

Pericardiocentesis

What procedure is used to treat cardiac tamponade?

Below the xiphoid process (subxiphoid)

During a pericardiocentesis procedure, where is the needle inserted?

Reflections

What term describes the area of transition from parietal to visceral pericardium?

Around blood vessels entering and exiting the heart (great vessels of heart)

Where are reflections of the pericardium found around the heart?

Oblique sinus

What term describes the area of serous pericardium that is detached from the heart to allow for the entrance of venous vessels?

Between the line of reflection for veins and encircling arteries

Where is the transverse sinus (pericardial reflection) found?

Transverse sinus; oblique sinus

What sinus can you pass a finger through completely? Which sinus can you not and is a dead end?

Fibrous and parietal serous

Which layers of the pericardium are innervated by the phrenic nerve?

Fibrous and parietal serous

Which layers of the pericardium can transmit pain information?

Both innervated by phrenic nerve which is somatic so transmits somatosensory information

Why does the fiberous and parietal serous pericardium transmit pain information?

Visceral serous

Which layer of the pericardium is innervated by visceral afferent fibers from the cardiac plexus?

Left

Does the apex of the heart point to the right or left?

Apex of the heart

What is labeled here on the heart?

Left ventricle

Which chamber of the heart forms the apex?

Sternocostal (anterior), Left pulmonary, Right pulmonary, Diaphragmatic, Base

What are the external surfaces of the heart?

Sternocostal (anterior)

Which external surface of the heart is formed by right ventricle and right auricle?

Left pulmonary and diaphragmatic

Which external surfaces of the heart are formed by the left ventricle?

Right pulmonary

Which external surface of the heart is formed by the right atrium?

Base

Which external surface of the heart is formed by the left atrium?

Superior vena cava (SVC), Inferior vena cava (IVC), Ascending aorta, Pulmonary trunk, Pulmonary veins

What are the great vessels of the heart?

Right brachiocephalic, Left brachiocephalic, Azygos

What veins join together to form the superior vena cava (SCV)?

Upper limbs, Thoracic wall, Head/Neck

Which body regions drain into the superior vena cava?

Abdominopelvic cavity and Lower limbs

Which body regions drain into the inferior vena cava?

Ascending aorta

What is the first part of the aorta called?

Oxygenated

Does the ascending aorta carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Arteries

Does the pulmonary trunk divide into pulmonary arteries or veins?

Deoxygenated; Heart to the Lungs

The pulmonary arteries carry (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood from the (heart/lungs) to the (heart/lungs).

Oxygenated; Lungs to the heart

The pulmonary veins carry (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood from the (heart/lungs) to the (heart/lungs).

Right pulmonary veins

What is labeled 1?

Right pulmonary artery

What is labeled 2?

Ascending aorta

What is labeled 3?

Superior vena cava

What is labeled 4?

Aortic arch

What is labeled 5?

Ligamentum arteriosum

What is labeled 6?

Pulmonary trunk

What is labeled 7?

Left pulmonary artery

What is labeled 8?

Left pulmonary veins

What is labeled 9?

Inferior vena cava

What is labeled 10?

Right auricle

What term describes the expanded pocket of the right atrium?

Pectinate muscle; Crista terminalis

The right auricle is made of a rough portion made of _____ muscle and a smooth portion called the _____.

Allows for additional heart volume

What is the function of the right auricle?

SVC, IVC, Coronary sinus

What are the openings in the right atrium?

Dilated venous system that drains heart

What is the function of the coronary sinus?

Right atrium

Which chamber of the heart is the coronary sinus located?

Fossa ovalis

What term describes the depression at the interatrial septum?

Between right atrium and right ventricle

Where is the right atrioventricular orifice located?

Tricuspid valve

What valve is located at the right atrioventricular orifice?

Anterior, Posterior, Septal

What are the cusps of the tricuspid valve?

True

True or False: Papillary muscles are named relative to the valve cusp in which they attach.

Papillary muscles; Chordae tendinae

Tricuspid and bicuspid valve cusps are connected to _____ muscles via _____.

Interatrial septum

What is labeled 1?

Fossa ovalis

What is labeled 2?

Right auricle

What is labeled 3?

Pectinate muscle

What is labeled 4?

Crista terminalis

What is labeled 5?

Right atrioventricular orifice

What is labeled 6?

Orifice of coronary sinus

What is labeled 7?

Muscular wall that divides left and right ventricles

What is the interventricular septum?

Conduction system of the heart

What is contained within the septomarginal trabeculae (moderator band) of the heart?

Anterior papillary muscle

Which papillary muscle of the tricuspid valve is the septomarginal trabeculae (moderator band) connected to?

Septal papillary muscle

What is labeled 1?

Interventricular septum

What is labeled 2?

Moderator band

What is labeled 3?

Posterior papillary muscle

What is labeled 4?

Anterior papillary muscle

What is labeled 5?

Chordae tendinae

What is labeled 6?

Tricuspid valve

What is labeled 7?

Trabeculae carneae

What term describes the muscular ridges found on the walls of the right and left ventricles?

Conus arteriosus

What structure in the right ventricular space narrows to funnel blood towards the pulmonary valve?

Pulmonic valve

What is labeled 1?

Conus arteriosus

What is labeled 2?

Right and left pulmonary arteries

What does the pulmonary trunk divide into?

4 pulmonary veins

(2 right/2 left)

How many veins feed into the left atrium?

Left auricle

What is labeled here?

Opening between the left atrium and left ventricle

Where is the left atrioventricular orifice located?

Bicuspic valve

What valve is located at the left atrioventricular orifice?

Anterior and Posterior

Where are the cusps of the bicuspid valve located?

Aortic trunk

What structure connects the left ventricle and ascending aorta?

Cardiac skeleton

What is the fibrous framework of dense connective tissue that anchors the heart valves and electrically insulates the atria from the ventricles?

Anterior pulmonic cusp and sinus

What is labeled 1?

Right pulmonic cusp and sinus

What is labeled 2?