Chapter 25

Define protists.

Eukaryotes that are neither plants, animals, or fungi

List main events in the origin of eukaryotes.

Flexible cell surface, cytoskeleton, nuclear membrane, digestive vacuoles.

What did eukaryotes acquire in endosymbiosis?

Mitochondrion and chloroplasts.

Define endosymbiosis and phagocytosis.

When one organism lives inside another vs. The ability to engulf and ingest other cells.

List 3 groups alveolates.

Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans, Ciliates

Which group of alveolates forms red tides and produce neurotoxins to kill fish?

Dinoflagellates

Which alveolates group has a tapered where parasites enter host cell?

Apicomplexans

Which group does Plasmodium belong to?

Apicomplexans

What disease do Plasmodiums cause?

Malaria

How can Malaria be prevented?

Remove stagnant water where mosquitoes breed.

Which alveolates group is heterotrophic and contains numerous cilia?

Ciliates

Function of contractile vacuoles.

Excrete excess water

What gives diatoms their color?

Carotenoids

What is deposited within the cell walls of diatoms?

Silicon

What occurs during binary fission?

Asexual reproduction

What are plankton and phytoplankton?

Free floating, aquatic, microorganisms. Plankton that are photosynthetic are phytoplankton.

What do diatoms form after dying and sinking to ocean?

Petroleum and natural gas deposits

Are brown algae unicellular or multicellular?

Multicellular

What gives brown algae their color?

Fucoxanthin

How do brown algae attach to rocks?

Holdfast

What do oomycetes/water mold feed on?

Dead organic matter

What is different about oomycetes?

They have many nuclei enclosed in one membrane and see no sight

What are radiolarians and what do they excrete?

Shells of calcium carbonate

What organelle do diplomonads and parabasalids lack?

Mitochondrion

What disease does Giardia and Trachimonas cause?

Giardia causes intestinal disease and Trachimonas causes STDs

Where is flagella located on Euglenids?

Anterior region

What type of Kinetoplastids are the most fatal?

Trypanosoma and Leishmania

What disease is caused by Kinetoplastids?

Sleeping sickness and Leishmaniasis

Where are slime molds found?

Cool, moist habitats; mostly forests

Heteromorphic vs. Isomorphic

generations may be different morphologically vs. generations have similar morphology.

Isogamous vs. Ansiogamous

gametes are morphological vs. female and male gametes are different sizes