16-2 World history

The Spread of Protestantism

Justification

The process of being declared worthy of salvation by god

Predestination

The Calvinist belief that God has already decided who will be saved or who will be damned

Annul

To legally declare a marriage invalid or void

Ghetto

Jews who refused to convert to Catholicism were forced to live in a separate area in the city, papal states

Anti-semitism

Discrimination against Jews

Anabaptists

Protestants who believed in adult baptism, sepation of church and state, and pacifism

Act of Supremacy

English law declaring King Henry VIII the head of the church of england and separating England from Catholic churches

Jesuits

Members of the Society of Jesus, Catholic religous order founded by Ignatius of Loyola. Took a vow of absolute obedience to the pope and used education and missionary work to spread Catholicism

Council of Trent

Catholic Church meetings with Catholic religous leaders that reaffirmed Catholic beliefs in opposition to Protestant beliefs, strengthened the Catholic Church. Importance of faith and goodworks for salvation

Ulrich Zwingli

Swiss priest who let the Protestant reformation in Zurish and removed religious decor and paintings from churches and replaced them with white walls, prayers, and readings

John Calvin

A French-born Protestant reformer who fled to Switzerland because of his religious beliefs. He published Institutes of the Christian Religion. Agreed with Luther on justification by faith alone but developed the belief in predestination. He established a theocracy in Geneva and helped spread Calvinism.

Geneva

Swiss city where John Calvin established a theocracy and trained missionaries to spread Calvinism

John Knox praised Geneva as the most perfect school of Christ on earth.

King Henry VIII

English King who separated England from Catholic Church after the pope refused to annul his marriage

Martin Luther

German Monk who challenged the Catholic church and began the protestant reformation. Believed in salvation through faith alone. Had traditional, woman and anti Semitic beliefs

Ignatius of Loyola

A spanish nobleman who founded the jesuits. Followers were reconized as a religious order by Pope Paul III.

John Knox

Scottish Protestant reformer who helped spread Calvinism to Scotland.

Praised Geneva as the most perfect school of Christ on earth.

Catherine of Aragon

Henry VIII's first wife, whose marriage he wanted annulled bcwanted male heir.

Mother of Mary I.

Pope Clement VII refused annulment.

Pope Clement VII

Redised to grant Henry VIII an annulment. Contributed to Englends break with the Catholic Church.

Calvinism

 Protestant religious beliefs based on John Calvin's teachings.

 A branch of Protestantism based on John Calvin's teachings, especially predestination and the belief in God's absolute power. It spread throughout Switzerland, France, the Netherlands, Scotland, and parts of central and eastern Europe.

Theocracy

A government controlled by religious leaders or religious beliefs.

 A system of government in which religious leaders rule in the name of God or a god. John Calvin established a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland.

conviction

A firmly held belief or opinion.

Publish

To print and distribute written information.

Community

 A group of people who share common interests or characteristics.

Scripture

Sacred religious writings, such as the Bible.

Lutheranism

The religious doctrine that Martin Luther developed; it differed from Catholicism in the doctrine of salvation, which Luther believed could be achieved by faith alone, not by good works; Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith.

Presbyterianism

A broad branch of Protestantism influenced by John Calvin's teachings, especially predestination.

Reformed Protestantism

•  A type of Reformed Protestantism that developed in Scotland, largely through the work of John Knox.

•  A religious movement that challenged the beliefs and authority of the Roman Catholic Church and led to the creation of Protestant churches.

Protestantism

• A branch of Christianity that developed from the Reformation and rejected certain teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church.

Elect

People whom Calvin believed God had chosen for salvation.

Reprobate

People whom calvin believed God had chosen to be damned

The Reformation

Religious movement that challenged the Catholic Church and led to the creation of Protestant churches.

Catholic Reformation

Movement within the Catholic Church to correct problems and respond to Protestantism.

Adult Baptism

Anabaptist belief that people should choose baptism when they are old enough to understand their faith.

Separation of Church and State

 The belief that government and religious institutions should operate independently. Commonly held belief with Anabaptist

Faith and Good Works

 Catholic belief that both faith and good deeds are necessary for salvation.

 Church of England

Protestant church created after Henry VIII separated England from the Catholic Church.

Missionary Work

Spreading religious beliefs to people in other places

Zürich

Swiss city where Ulrich Zwingli began his Protestant reforms

Trent

Italian city where the Council of Trent took place.

Indulgence

 A pardon issued by the Catholic Church that reduced punishment for sins. Martin Luther criticized the selling of indulgences.

Peace of Augsburg (1555)

Treaty that allowed German princes to choose whether their territories would be Catholic or Lutheran.

heretic

A person whose religious beliefs go against the officially accepted teachings of a church

Anglican Church

The Protestant church established in England after King Henry VIII separated England from the Roman Catholic Church.

Counter-Reformation

The Catholic Church's movement to reform itself and respond to the spread of Protestantism.