ch2 medterm: body structure, oncology, and lab tests

aden/o

gland, glandular tissue

cyt/o

cell(s)

epitheli/o

epithelium, epithelial tissue

fibr/o

fibers(s), fibrous tissue, connective tissue

hemat/o

blood

hist/o

tissue(s)

lip/o

fat, fat tissue

my/o

muscle

neur/o

nerve(s), nerve tissue

organ/o

organ

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

system/o

system

viscer/o

internal organs

aut/o

self

bi/o

life

cancer/o

cancer

carcin/o

cancer

crypt/o

hidden

necr/o

death (cells, body)

eti/o

cause (of disease)

gno/o

knowledge

iatr/o

physician, medicine (also means treatment)

lei/o

smooth

onc/o

tumor, mass

path/o

disease

rhabd/o

rod-shaped, striated (or skeletal)

somat/o

body

vir/o

virus

cyan/o

blue

erythr/o

red

leuk/o

white

melan/o

black

xanth/o

yellow

dia-

through, complete

dys-

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

hyper-

above, excessive

hypo-

below, incomplete, deficient, under

meta-

after, beyond, change

micro-

small

neo-

new

pro-

before

-al, -ic, -ous

pertaining to

-cyte

cell

-gen

substance or agent that produces or causes

-genic

producing, originating, causing

-logist

one who studies and treats (specialist, physician)

-logy

study of

-megaly

enlargement

-oid

resembling

-oma

tumor, swelling

-opsy

view of, viewing

-osis

abnormal condition (means increase when used with blood cell word roots)

-pathy

disease

-plasia

condition of formation, development, growth

-plasm

growth, substance, formation

-sarcoma

malignant tumor

-sis

state of

-stasis

control, stop, standing

cytogenic

producing cells

cytology

study of cells

dysplasia

abnormal development

epithelial

pertaining to epithelium

erythrocyte

(RBC) red blood cell

erythrocytosis

increase in number of RBCs

histology

study of tissue

hyperplasia

excessive development (number of cells)

hypoplasia

incomplete development (of an organ or tissues)

leukocyte

(WBC) white blood cell

leukocytosis

increase in the number of WBCs

lipoid

resembling fat

myopathy

disease of the muscle

necrosis

abnormal condition of cell death (cells and tissue die because of disease)

neuropathy

disease of the nerves

organomegaly

enlargement of an organ

somatic

pertaining to the body

somatogenic

originating in the body

systemic

pertaining to a (body) system (or the body as a whole)

visceral

pertaining to the internal organs

adenocarcinoma

cancerous tumor of glandular tissue

epithelioma

tumor composed of epithelial tissue

fibroma

tumor composed of fibrous tissue (benign)

fibrosarcoma

malignant tumor composed of fibrous tissue

leiomyoma

benign tumor composed of smooth muscle

leiomyosarcoma

malignant tumor of smooth muscle

lipoma

benign tumor of fat tissue

liposarcoma

malignant tumor of fat tissue

melanoma

black tumor (primarily of the skin)

metastasis (pl. metastases) (METS)

beyond control (transfer of cells from one organ to another, as in malignant tumors)

myoma

benign tumor composed of muscle tissue

neoplasm

new growth (of abormal tissue, benign or malignant)

neuroma

benign tumor composed of nerve tissue

rhabdomyoma

benign tumor composed of striated muscle

rhabdomyosarcoma

malignant tumor of striated/skeletal muscle

sarcoma

tumor of connective tissue (such as bone or cartilage, highlu malignant)

benign

not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery

biological therapy

treatment of cancer with biological response modifiers (BRM) that work with the immune system (aka biotherapy or immunotherapy)

carcinoma in situ

cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue

chemotherapy (chemo)

treatment of cancer with medications that target all cells reproducing at a fast rate; destroys both tumor cells and healthy cells that have rapid production rates

encapsulated

enclosed within a capsule, as with benign or malignant tumors that have not spread beyond the capsule of the organ in which it originated

hospice

pallative or supportive care for terminally ill patients and their families, usually offered to those with pronosis of 6 mo or less when cures are no longer possible or desired, team based approach usually in pts home