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Human with Feline Head
Paleolithic Period
Ivory (wooly mammoth tusk)
(anthropomorphized animal - abstract thought)

Nude Woman (Venus of Willendorf)
Paleolithic Period
(limestone, fertility sculpture?)

Woman Holding a Bison Horn
Paleolithic Period
(low relief carved in limestone, also fertility - bison horn)

Two Bison
Paleolithic Period
(high relief in clay sculpted around rock, more profile)

Bison Licking its Flank
Paleolithic Period
(reindeer antler, intentional to show profile)

Bison
Paleolithic Period
(used convex and concave, no ground line, some standing some lying)

Spotted Horses and Negative Hand Imprints
Paleolithic Period
(handprints=signature?)

Rhinoceros, wounded man, and disemboweled bison
Paleolithic Period
(one of first times man depicted in art)

Tel of Ancient Jericho
Neolithic Period
Ancient Jericho; Tel es-Sultan
tel: city mound (cities built on old civilizations)

Tower of Jericho
Neolithic Period
Ancient Jericho; Tel es-Sultan

Human skull with restored features
Neolithic Period
Ancient Jericho
(dead buried under homes → detach skull, decorate with plaster skin and shell eyes, and bury)

Human Figure
Neolithic Period
Ain Ghazal
(earliest large scale sculpture - settling so they can keep it in the home; ritualistically buried)

Landscape with volcanic eruption
Neolithic Period
Catal Hoyuk
(first known landscape painting - city is aerial view and mountain from ground level)

Newgrange Passage Grave
Neolithic Period
Neolothic Europe
(passage grave = tomb with long stone corridor leading to burial chamber beneath tumulus // tumulus = ancient burial mound // corbeled vault = piling stone blocked onto stacked horizontal rows)

Stonehenge
Neolithic Period
Neolithic Europe
(study elsewhere lol)

White Temple
Leaving Neolithic → Bronze Age
Ancient Sumer*
(center of Ancient Sumerian life, dedicated to the god Anu)

Standing Male Worshipper
Ancient Sumer
(votive offering, placed in a temple, represents an elite individual)

Stele of the Vultures (Battle scene fragment)
Ancient Sumer
(victory steele, common ground line, profile and frontal view)

Standard of Ur
Ancient Sumer
(war side and peace side)

Sound box of the bull headed harp
Ancient Sumer
(seen in Standard of Ur, Mesopotamian harp; soundbox for burial of king?)

Cylinder seal from tomb of Pu-abi (Banquet scene)
Ancient Sumer
(cylinder seals used to authenticate/wear to show status)

Head of Akkadian Ruler
Akkadian Empire
(thought to be Sargon)

Votive disk of Enheduanna
Akkadian Empire
(Sargon’s daughter, first known author - “wife of Nanna, daughter of Sargon king of the world”)

Victory Stele of Naram-Sin
Akkadian Empire
(new composition, views self as divine ruler, rising to heavens)

Ziggurat at Ur
Neo-Sumerian/Third Dynasty of Ur
(built to moon god Nanna)

Gudea standing, holding an overflowing water jar
Neo-Sumerian/Third Dynasty of Ur
(Gudea = priest-king; overflowing water = gods blessing him for being a good leader)

Stele with the Laws of Hammurabi
The Old Babylonian Empire
(first written law in history)