Utagawa Hiroshige's New Fuji, Meguro, from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo, 1857 (83-86)

What is the goal of a religious pilgrimmage?

Englightenment, worship or contemplation

What is the goal of leisure travel or vacation?

Enjoyment, see the world, appreciate natural scenery, or just relax

Since when has nature became defined as something seperate from the realm of human endeavor?

The mid 1700s

People become seperated with nature as the world becomes more what?

Urban and industrialized

Nature used to do what for people?

Determine the rhythm of their daily lives and was a part of their daily practice

People use nature to escape what?

The experience of being a modern urban person
“To get away from it all”

Over the past few centuries how have artists depicted nature?

As something refreshing and rejuvenating to mind, body, and spirit

Nature also sometimes represents what alongside being refreshing?

Spectacles of national pride or evoke feelings of sublime grandeur

In what centuries did tourism to Mount Fuji intensify?

1700’s and 1800’s

Religious pilgrimage in Japan was supplemented by what in the 1700’s and 1800’s?

A new focus on touristic travel

What was Utagawa Hiroshige’s status in the Japanese art world of the period of touristic travel in japan?

He was one of the best-known artists

What was Utagawa Hiroshige’s focus on?

Images of noteworthy locations around the country

What was Utagawa Hiroshige’s birth name?

Ando Tokutaro

When was Utagawa Hiroshige born?

1797

What happened to Hiroshige at age 14?

He was orphaned and began studying under the master Utagawa Toyohiro

Hiroshige adopted whose surname?

Utagawa Toyohiro

What did Hiroshige beginning signing his works as a few years after his studies under Utagawa Toyohiro?

Hiroshige

What name is Utagawa Hiroshige known under today?

Hiroshige

When did Hiroshige begin producing landscape?

1830

How many images did Hiroshige make over rhis career?

8000 images

How long was Hiroshige’s career?

30 years

Who was Hiroshige’s student which signed his works as "Hiroshige II"?”

Suzuki Chinpei

How did Suzuki Chinpei continue Hiroshige’s legacy?

He continued producing images from many of his teacher’s series after Hiroshige died

When did Hiroshige die?

1858

What relatively new form of mass produced travel images did Hiroshige use in New Fuji, Meguro?

Colored print

The use of colored prints was typical of what?

Mass produced travel images of Japan in the mid 1800’s

When and where did colored prints emerge?

Edo in the 1700’s

What did Edo get renamed to?

Tokyo

When was Edo renamed?

1868

What Japanese period did colored prints flourish in?

Edo Period

When was the Edo Period?

1603-1868

Who controlled Japan during the Edo period?

The tokugawa family

What happened to Japan in the Edo period?

It became one of the most literate and urban societies in the world

What effect did the Edo period have on travel?

Expanded travel for pleasure

What was written during the Edo period in regards to travels?

Travel guides, which introduced readers to sites, historical events, and natural wonders

What district was the center of publishing in Edo?

The Nihonbashi district

What was in the center of publishing in Edo which facilitated its publications?

Almost 3 dozen bookstores and print shops

Prints became their own importna Japanese artwork by when?

The Mid 1700s

What helped make written travel books or guidebooks more appealing?

Illustrations

Who made the 1858 memorial portrait of Utagawa Hiroshige?

Utagawa Kunisada I

When was the memorial portrait of Hiroshige by Utagawa Kunisada created?

1858

Hiroshige’s prints were part of what genre?

Ukiyo-e

What does Ukiyo-e translate to?

Pictures of the floating world

What does the term ukiyo-e refer to?

The subject matter that was popular with an educated, urban audience in the late Edo-era japan

What subject matter was characteristic of the Ukiyo-e genre?

Scenes of tea houses/tea house hostesses, celebrities like actors or sumo wrestlers, representations of annual festivals/celebrations and scenic views around cities and the countryside

What were important sub-genres of ukiyo-e?

Erotica and religious/folkloric imagery

What methods were used to make images of the ukiyo-e genre?

Painting, drawing or printing

What method was used to make New Fuji, Meguro?

Nishiki-e

What is Nishiki-e?

A multicolor woodblock printing process

Multicolor woodblock printing is known as what in Japan?

Nishiki-e

Woodblock is what type of printing process?

A relief printing process

Describe the process of a woodblock print.

A design is drawn onto a wooden block
Excess is cut out
Drawing is inked leaving a raised design

The woodblock design can be inked like a ________ __________

Rubber stamp

What does nishiki-e directly translate to?

“brocade pictures”

Nishiki-e specifically refers to the multicolor prints of what genre?

ukiyo-e

What did each color in nishiki-e works require?

A seperate block with each unique color which were carefully aligned to the original design and imprinted

What were Nishiki-e works influenced by>?

Imported images from Europe and western techniqes

What western pictorial technique is noted for being an influence of Nishiki-e?

Linear perspective

Producing a nishiki-e print requires cooperation among individuals filling what roles?

Artist, Block cutters, printer, and publisher

What does the artist do in a nishiki-e print?

Draw the original design

What does the block cutter do in producing a nishiki-e print?

Carve the blocks

What does the printer do in producing a nishiki-e print?

Inked and aligned the blocks

What does the publisher do in producing a nishiki-e print?

Arrange for the sale of and distribution

Nishiki-e prints required extensive ____________ and _____________ to produce

Skill and patience

Once a nishiki-e image was perfected what can be done for future prints with that image?

Publishers could market large print runs of the image

Large print runs of nishiki-e prints could include up to how many copies at a time?

10000-15000 copies

What did the mass scale of producing nishiki-e prints mean for their availability?

They were more available and affordable to consumers

How were nishiki-e prints typically issued?

In thematically focused portfolios which could be purchased individually or as a series

What are some famous examples of print series?

“Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji,” “Fifty-Three Stations of the Tokaido,” “One Hundred Famous Views of Edo”

Who made “Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji?”

Katsushika Hokusai

When was the series “Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji” produced?

1830-32

Who made “Fifty-Three Stations of the Tokaido”

Utagawa Hiroshige

When was “Fifty-Three Stations of the Tokaido” made?

1833-34

When was “New Fuji, Meguro” made?

1857

When was the series “one Hundred Famous views of Edo” produced?

1856-59

What does “One Hundred Famous Views of Edo” show?

Festivals, urban daily life, and natural wonders around the capital

“New Fuji, Meguro” shows the increasing Japanese interest in what?

Nature tourism

When did Japanese interest in nature tourism increase?

Mid-19th century

How far is Mount Fuji from Tokyo?

60 miles outside

What is the tallest point in Japan?

Mount Fuji

Why is Mount FUji recognizable>?

Its pleasing symmetrical low conical shape

The low conical shape of mount FUji is a remnant of what?

The many volcanic eruptions Mount Fuji has had in the past

When was the last Mount Fuji erruption?

1707

Mount FUji has become a symbol of what?

Japanese Identity and a focus on religious practice

Mount Fuji attracts pilgrims from what religions? What specific branches?

Shugendo Buddhism and the Fujiko sect

What pilgrims from Shugendo Buddhism are attached to Mount Fuji?

Male Pilgrims

What is Fujiko?

A local Japanese religion revolving around mount Fuji

Would women participate in pilgrimages to Mount Fuji?

Yes only after extremely rigorous purification

What conditions allowed a woman to go on a pilgrimmate to Mount Fuji?

An extremely rigorous period of purification, and they weren't allowed to ascend all the way to the summit

Starting when did infrastructure begin to accommodate Mount Fuji pilgrims?

12th century

What infrastructure began accommodating pilgrims to Mount Fuji in the 12th century?

Roads, roadside shrines,and hostels

Between the 12th and 18th century most of the traffic to Mount Fuji was of what nature?

Religious

Much of the travel to Mount Fuji between 12th and 18th century was aimed at doing what>?

Appeasing deities to prevent e eruptions

In what period did Mount Fuji become viewed less as a religious site?

Edo Period

What replaced the view of Mount Fuji as being a religious site in the Edo Period?

It became viewed as more of a national symbol

The changing of Mount Fuji to a national symbol in the Edo period solidified what city as the new capital?

Edo (Tokyo)

What series shows Mount Fuji at all times of the year in various scales and angles ?

“Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji”

In the scenes of “Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji” Fuji is sometimes presented as what?

A sacred site

In “Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji” Fuji is often presented as what?

Simply as part of the landscape

What work from “Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji” demonstrates Fuji simply being a part of the landscape?

Under Mannen Bridge at Fukagawa