environmant

Air pollution, engineering measures

Containment

Replacement

Dilution

Air pollution prevention and control

Engineering measures

Legislative measures

Disinfection of air

Monitoring

Public education

International efforts

Air pollution

Presence of harmful substances ( gases, gases mixtures, particulate) in the atmosphere due to human activities , in concentrations athta affect human health , safety, vegatations, animals, environment

Sulphur dioxide

Lung irritation, coughing, mucus secretions, agrravation of asthama and chronic bronchitis,

Linked to high cardiac admissions and mortality, acid rain causes deforestation

Lead effects in air pollution

Especially affecting children

Brain damage

Mental retardation

Low IQ

Behavioral problems

Aduts- anemia, hypertension, renal damage, reproductive toxicity

Pregnancy- miscarriage , still birth, LBW

Ozone im air pollution health impact

Breathing problems

Asthma attacks

Reduced lung function,

Morality increases with rise in levels

Nitrogen dioxide health impact in air

bronchitis in asthmatic children

Reduced lung growth

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons( PAH) in health effects of air pollution

Carcinogenic, mutagenic, reproductive toxicity, strong risk of lung cancer

Air pollution particulate matter health effects

Fine particles Penetrate alveoli then copd, ischemic heart disease, lung cancer

Indoor smoke- pnuemonia in children , copd in adults . Major cause of premature deaths

Indicators of air pollution

Sulphur dioxide

Smoke/ soiling index

Suspended particulate matter

Grit and dust measurement

Coefficient of haze

Air pollution index

Air pollution international action, centres are in

London

Washington

Moscow

Nagpur

And tokyo issues warnings and coordinate studies

NAQMP

National air quality monitoring programme

Definition of safe water

Water is safe and wholesome

If it is free from pathogenic organism

Free from harmful chemical substances

Pleasant to taste( no odour or colour)

Safe for domestic use

Two advantages and disadvantages of nuclear family

adv

1 greater husband and wife bond

2. better autonomy in decision making

Dis

1. Higher pressure for childcare

2. Limited economic and social safety net:

Functions of the family

Residence

Division of labour

Reproduction and child rearing

Physical care or child

Personality development

Stabilization of adult personality

Economic functions

Socialization

Social care

Familial susceptibility to ds

Unit for health and social services

Patrilocal

Wife moves to husbands family home

Paris green

Copper acetoarsenite - it is a stomach poison effective against anopheles larvae

Synthetic larvicides

Fenthion

Chlorpyrifos

Temephos( abate)

Buological control

Larvivorous fish- gambusia affinis, lebistes reticulatus

Pathogens- coelomomyces fungi - infect mosquito larvae