Botany Families Key Features

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21 Terms

1
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Polygonaceae

Many swollen nodes

Alternate simple leaves

Ocrea present

Fascicles of spike or raceme inflorescence

Small flowers (pink, green, or white)

Stamens with nectaries

Fused tepals

<p>Many swollen nodes</p><p>Alternate simple leaves</p><p>Ocrea present</p><p>Fascicles of spike or raceme inflorescence</p><p>Small flowers (pink, green, or white)</p><p>Stamens with nectaries </p><p>Fused tepals </p>
2
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Rubiaceae

Simple opposite leaves

Inter petiolar sepals

4-5 petals fused into a trumpet shaped

Actinomorphic

Can appear whorled because of inter petiolar sepals

<p>Simple opposite leaves </p><p>Inter petiolar sepals </p><p>4-5 petals fused into a trumpet shaped </p><p>Actinomorphic</p><p>Can appear whorled because of inter petiolar sepals </p>
3
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Convolvulaceae

Herbaceous vine

Alternate leaves

Fused trumpet shaped petals - distinctly plicate (folded)

Capsule fruits

Milky sap

Stipules absent

Axile placentation

<p>Herbaceous vine</p><p>Alternate leaves</p><p>Fused trumpet shaped petals - distinctly plicate (folded)</p><p>Capsule fruits</p><p>Milky sap</p><p>Stipules absent</p><p>Axile placentation</p>
4
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Fabaceae

Alternate compound leaves

Banner, wing, and keel petal arrangement

Legume fruits

Stipules at base

Zygomorphic bilateral petals

Stamen hidden in keel

Bean fruits


<p>Alternate compound leaves</p><p>Banner, wing, and keel petal arrangement</p><p>Legume fruits</p><p>Stipules at base</p><p>Zygomorphic bilateral petals</p><p>Stamen hidden in keel</p><p>Bean fruits</p><p></p>
5
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Solanaceae

Alternate leaves

Pentamerous

Berry fruits

2 chambered ovary

Fused, porate anthers

Fused petals and sepals

Axile placentation

Stipules absent

<p>Alternate leaves</p><p>Pentamerous</p><p>Berry fruits</p><p>2 chambered ovary</p><p>Fused, porate anthers</p><p>Fused petals and sepals</p><p>Axile placentation</p><p>Stipules absent </p>
6
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Lamiaceae

Herbaceous

Aromatic

Scented

Opposite leaves

Square stem

2- lobed zygomorphic small flowers

Stipules absent

Flowers verticillaster (grouped)

Nutlet fruits (4 in sepals)

<p>Herbaceous</p><p>Aromatic</p><p>Scented</p><p>Opposite leaves</p><p>Square stem</p><p>2- lobed zygomorphic small flowers</p><p>Stipules absent</p><p>Flowers verticillaster (grouped)</p><p>Nutlet fruits (4 in sepals)</p>
7
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Apiaceae

Compound umblel

Hallow stem

Small flowers (white or yellow)

Sheathing petiole on alternate leaves

<p>Compound umblel</p><p>Hallow stem</p><p>Small flowers (white or yellow)</p><p>Sheathing petiole on alternate leaves</p>
8
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Euphorbiaceae

Colored bracts

Milky latex in stem

Cyathium inflorescence

No petals or sepals on flowers - 5 male flowers surrounding 1 large female flower

<p>Colored bracts</p><p>Milky latex in stem</p><p>Cyathium inflorescence </p><p>No petals or sepals on flowers - 5 male flowers surrounding 1 large female flower</p>
9
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Onagraceae

Large flowers with a morosity of 4

Stigma branched into 4 (Clavate)

8 stamen

Inferior ovary

Hypanthium

<p>Large flowers with a morosity of 4</p><p>Stigma branched into 4 (Clavate)</p><p>8 stamen</p><p>Inferior ovary</p><p>Hypanthium</p>
10
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Orchidaceae

Zygomorphic flowers

3+3 inner/outer tepals with a lower lip

Column and pollinia

<p>Zygomorphic flowers</p><p>3+3 inner/outer tepals with a lower lip</p><p>Column and pollinia</p>
11
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12
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Asteraceae

Capitulum/head inflorescence with involucral bracts

Pappus

Pentamerous fused flowers

Ray and disc florets

Anthers ring around style

Split-branched stigmas

<p>Capitulum/head inflorescence with involucral bracts </p><p>Pappus </p><p>Pentamerous fused flowers </p><p>Ray and disc florets</p><p class="has-focus">Anthers ring around style</p><p class="has-focus">Split-branched stigmas </p>
13
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Brassicaceae

Aromatic

Alternate leaves

Merosity of 4 and free petals

Silique and silicle fruit


<p>Aromatic</p><p>Alternate leaves</p><p>Merosity of 4 and free petals </p><p>Silique and silicle fruit </p><p></p>
14
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Liliaceae

Monocot

Alternate or whorled leaves

Large showy flowers

Free tepals and stamen both with merosity of 6

Capsules with 3 locules and 3 carpels

<p>Monocot</p><p>Alternate or whorled leaves </p><p>Large showy flowers</p><p>Free tepals and stamen both with merosity of 6</p><p>Capsules with 3 locules and 3 carpels </p>
15
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Rosaceae

Compound, serrate leaves

Crazy stipules

Pentamerous free sepals and petals

Many stamen

<p>Compound, serrate leaves </p><p>Crazy stipules </p><p>Pentamerous free sepals and petals </p><p>Many stamen </p>
16
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Jucaceae

Monocot

Round, solid stem

Lateral inflorescence

Flowers with tepals

Capsule fruit

<p>Monocot</p><p>Round, solid stem</p><p>Lateral inflorescence</p><p>Flowers with tepals </p><p>Capsule fruit </p>
17
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Cyperaceae

Monocot

3 ranks/rows

Triangular stem

Fused sheath

One bract

<p>Monocot </p><p>3 ranks/rows </p><p>Triangular stem</p><p>Fused sheath </p><p>One bract </p>
18
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Poaceae

Monocot

Hollow stem

Swollen nodes

Open sheath with ligule

<p>Monocot</p><p>Hollow stem</p><p>Swollen nodes</p><p>Open sheath with ligule</p>
19
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Pinaceae

Evergreen trees

Needle/scale leaves in bundles/fascicles

Bark in chunks

Large woody ovulate cones

Aromatic

<p>Evergreen trees</p><p>Needle/scale leaves in bundles/fascicles </p><p>Bark in chunks </p><p>Large woody ovulate cones </p><p>Aromatic </p>
20
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Cupressaceae

Evergreen tree

Small cones with few scales

Bark in strips

Large leaves with scales

Aromatic (variable)

<p>Evergreen tree</p><p>Small cones with few scales</p><p>Bark in strips </p><p>Large leaves with scales </p><p>Aromatic (variable)</p>
21
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Taxaceae

Smaller evergreens

Twisted, 2-ranked leaves

Single ovule surrounded by an Aril

<p>Smaller evergreens </p><p>Twisted, 2-ranked leaves </p><p>Single ovule surrounded by an Aril </p>