5.4 Types of Aqueous Solutions and Solubility

solvent

All ions are solvated by the ___________ (solute/solvent/solution) molecules, like dissolves like.

solute-solute interactions

attractive forces that hold the solid solute together

solvent-solute interactions

attractive forces between solvent molecules and the particles that compose the solid solute

ions

Ionic compounds dissociate into component ____ when dissolved in water. Dissolved ___ act as charge carriers, allowing the solution to conduct electricity.

electrolyte

a substance that dissolves in water to form solutions that conduct electricity

strong electrolytes

a substance that completely dissociates into ions when dissolved in water (e.g. NaCl), resulting in strong electrolyte solutions

acids

Most molecular compounds with the exception of ____ dissolve in water as intact molecules.

nonelectrolyte

a compound that does not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water (e.g. sugar water), resulting in nonelectrolyte solutions which do not conduct electricity

true

(true/false) Acids are moleculr compounds that ionize when dissolved in water.

strong acid

an acid that completely ionizes in solution, a subcategory of strong electrolytes (e.g. HCl hydrochloric acid)

single reaction arrow

arrow used to represent complete ionization of a strong acid

weak acid

an acid that does not completely ionize in water (e.g. acetic acid HC₂H₃O₂)

ionize

Many acids are composed mostly of the nonionized acid, only a small percentage of acid molecules ________.

opposing half arrows

arrow used to represent partial ionization of a weak acid

weak electrolytes

a substance that does not completely ionize in water and only weakly conducts electricity in resulting weak electrolyte solution

true

(true/false) Solubility is a continuum and even insoluble compounds dissolve to some extent.

soluble

being able to dissolve to a significant extent, usually in water

insoluble

incapable of dissolving in water or being extremely difficult of forming solution

strong

Soluble compounds dissolve in water to form _____ (strong/weak/no) electrolyte solutions.

intact units

When compounds containing polyatomic ions dissolve, the polyatomic ions dissolve as _______________ (separate atoms/intact units).