Respiratory Pathology Flashcards

Practice flashcards covering upper and lower respiratory system diseases, disorders, and clinical conditions based on the provided lecture transcript.

What is coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?

A highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a strain of the coronavirus, with symptoms ranging from none to severe.

What is Post-COVID condition (PCC)?

Frequently called long COVID, it is a condition that will develop in some individuals after COVID-19, including those who experienced a mild disease course.

What is croup, and what is another medical name for it?

A condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor; it is also called laryngotracheobronchitis.

What is cystic fibrosis (CF)?

A hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms.

What is a deviated septum?

A condition in which one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum.

What is diphtheria?

A serious bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes of the nose and throat that creates a thick, gray sheet covering the pharynx.

What is emphysema?

A component of COPD characterized by the loss of elasticity of the alveoli, resulting in distention causing stretching of the lung so the body does not receive enough oxygen.

What is epistaxis?

Nosebleed (also called rhinorrhagia).

What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?

A chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring that reduces lung capacity, with an unknown etiology and most often affecting adults over the age of $50$.

Which influenza virus types cause most illness observed during flu season?

Influenza virus types A and B.

What is an influenza pandemic?

The sudden outbreak of a flu that becomes widespread, affecting a region, a continent, or the world, such as H1N1 swine flu and H5N1 avian flu.

What is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?

Repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep leading to transient periods of apnea (absence of breathing), daytime drowsiness, and elevated blood pressure.

What is pertussis?

A highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by a severe hacking cough followed by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop; also called whooping cough.

What is pleural effusion?

Fluid in the pleural cavity caused by a disease process or trauma.