Time Periods 3 & 4

Study guide for Periods 3 and 4

Proclamation of 1763

Guideline blocking American colonists from settling beyond the Appalachian mountains, intended to prevent conflict from Native Americans and the necessity of sending British troops to North America.

Article of Confederation accomplishments

Passage of the Northwest Ordinance to set up guidelines for the present day Midwest plus the generous borders to the Mississippi River negotiated through the Treaty of Paris.

republican motherhood

Raised children to be more patriotic, especially boys, to be more loyal.

“Remember the ladies”

Said by Abigail Adams she wanted women to have more of an influence in American society.

first party system

Federalists and Democractic-Republicans which were the first two major political parties from 1790s to early 1800s.

Shays’ Rebellion

Violent attacks against courthouses in Massachusetts by farmers wishing to avoid foreclosures in the 1780s.

strict constructionist

Wishing to avoid a reliance on the “necessary and proper” or elastic clause when interpreting the Constitution.

elastic clause

Part of the Constitution which allows the government to stretch its powers to carry out responsibilities and duties. Like financial powers or regulate interstate commerce to justify creating guidelines for things like the internet.

Whiskey Rebellion

Violent protest in west Pennsylvania opposing Hamilton’s excise tax on a beverage in which to fund the federal government.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Federalist legislation during John Adams presidency, which restricted the rights of American citizens and violated the Bill of Rights.

Virginia and Kentucky resolutions

Backed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison as a way for states to challenge or nullify federal legislation which violated rights.

excise tax

Fee on products which is used to fund the federal government. Example: Whiskey

cotton gin

Invented in 1790s and made the raising of a crop financially beneficial. This tool aided in cheap labor and made separating the seed from the crop easier.

Gabriel Prossner’s Rebellion

1800 violent attack in Richmond, VA

Revolution of 1800

Jefferson’s contention that he could restore the goals of the Revolution which Federalists abandoned during Adams administration.

Missouri Compromise

1820 legislation allowed Missouri to be a slave state and Maine to be a free state.

Nat Turner Rebellion

1830s widespread revolt in southwest Virginia which resulted in violent clash between militia and the slave preacher that led the group.

nullification crisis

Dispute between South Carolina and President Jackson in 1830s which centered around nullification and possible secession.

American system

Henry Clay, Whig development program for the nation based upon banks, internal improvements and tariffs.

Bank war

Conflict between Nicholas Biddle and Andrew Jackson which ended with the defeat of a renewal bill and the transfer of funds to the “pet”, state financial groups.

Seneca Falls

Antebellum meeting hosted by Elizabeth Cady Stantion which launched the women’s rights movement in the United States.

Second Great Awakening

Late 1700s religion revivals which inspired Americans to embrace abolition, temperance, and prison reform.

temperance

Reform effort in which most members advocated moderate alcohol use over prohibition.

abolition

Effort to end slavery which was not the majority opinion in the North before the Civil War.

William Garrison

Radical abolitionist who claimed it would be better for the North to secede to the South’s devotion to slavery.

Frederick Douglas

Advocate of abolition who had been a Maryland slave in his early life.

cult of domesticity

Belief that women were meant to be experts in the home and care for their husbands and children.

Monroe Doctrine

1820s policy which sought to prevent Europeans further colonization of any additional areas in the Western hemisphere.

common man

Lower class or poor white men who received special attention from President Jackson.

Five Civilized Tribe

Groups of developed Native Americans in eastern US including Chickasaw and Cherokee who were forceably removed across the Mississippi River in the 1830s.