Chapter 1: Fundamental Developmental Process

Flashcards covering key developmental process terms from Chapter 1.

Universal development

Means that despite what looks different, there's only one fundamental developmental process for everyone.

Context specific development

Differences aren't fundamental or several variations, but a prod a product of complex interactions.

Biological forces

Genetic and health related factors effects of diet exercise, and genetic factors

Psychological forces

All internal perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and personality factors characteristics of a person, all cognitive, emotional personality, perceptional, and related factors that help to define us

Sociocultural forces

Interpersonal societal, cultural and ethnic factors,race,ethnicity, gender and culture, how people in their world interact and mutually influence each other

example, white privilege and systemic racism

Lifecycle forces

Differences in how the same event affect people of different ages the same event can happen and have different effects depending on when it happens in a person‘s life and how individual characteristics are affected differently

Psychodynamic or psychosocial theory

Development is largely determined by how while people resolve conflict with these different ages

Segment Freud’s theory

Personality emerges from conflict that children experience between what they want to do and what society wants them to do

Eric Erickson theory

Personality development is determined by internal maturation plan interacting with external social demands

Proposed in eight stages

Basic trust versus mistrust, which happens birth to one year

Autonomy versus shame, one year for three years

Initiative versus guilt 3 to 6 years

Industry versus inferiority, six to adolescence

Identity versus identity, confusion, adolescence

Intimacy versus isolation young adulthood

Generativity versus stagnation middle adulthood

Integrity versus despair late life

Learning theory

emphasizes behaviors being rewarded or punished, and that people learn to watch others around them

John Watson’s theory

Experience determines what people become

Operant conditioning

Part of BF Skinner’s theory which is consequences of behavior, determine whether a behavior is repeated

Believe that reinforcement increases the likelihood of the behavior that follows could be positive or negative and punishment decreases the likelihood of the behavior that follows

Social learning theory

People learn by simply watching those around them.

Albert Bandura theory

People actively try to understand what goes on in their world experience gives people a sense of self.

Cognitive development theory

PIAGETS theory

Three distinct approaches:

Sensory motor birth through two years

Pre-operational 2 to 6 years

Concrete operational seven to early adolescence

Informational processing theory

Human cognition consist of mental hardware and mental software

Mental hardware is cognitive structures, including brain structures, where information is processed in store

Mental software cognitive processes that enable people who complete specific task such as reading a sentence

Vygotskyks theory

Children’s thinking is Influence by sociocultural context in which they live

Ecological theory

Human development is inseparable from the environmental context in which a person develops. All aspects are interconnected.