Social Psychology Quiz 11/12

How do you measure aggression in experiments?

Agressive behaviors

Aggression as a biological phenomenon

Brain regions involved in experiencing and suppressing aggression

Aggression as a learned social behavior

Observe aggressive behavior and its consequences

Situational determinants

Aggression as a response to an aversive event (including frustration)

Social-Learning Theories of Aggression

Aggression as a learned social behavior

Frustration

Experienced when something prevents us from reaching our goals

Weapons Effect

Increase in likelihood of aggression when weapons are present

Berkowitz & LePage

Creative task, coming up with ideas – another participant (actually a

confederate) gives you 1 shock (if ideas good) or 7 shocks (if ideas bad)

(number of shocks actually randomly determined)

• Then partners switch and participant delivers shocks to “partner”

• Next to “shock machine:” nothing, badminton props, or two guns

Yes

Stronger shocks in a presence of a weapon?

Desensitization

Making people less responsive to violence (and less empathic)

Social script

Expectations of how to act in various situations

Altered perceptions

• Of what happens in the real world

• Even your definition of aggression may change

Cognitive priming

Of aggression-related ideas (making them more accessible

Catharsis hypothesis

Playing violent video games allows people to release anger and to safely

express their aggressive tendencies

• NOT supported by research

Anderson meta-analysis

violent game playing increased aggression

Risk factors for extreme violence

who experience depression and/or social rejection, who

immerse in violent video games, who have access to firearms do NOT

engage in extreme violence

Third variables and reverse causation

correlational studies drawback

Stereotypes are

beliefs that certain attributes are characteristic of certain groups

• Simply categorizing people (normal cognitive process

positive, negative, or neutral

Stereotypes could be

Prejudice is

prejudging others belonging to a certain category

• It is an attitude: an emotional response

positive or negative

Prejudice could be

Discrimination is

a behavior

• Favorable or unfavorable treatment of people because of their group

membership

positive or negative

Discrimination could be

prejudice

Stereotype an exist without

Categorizing

a way to simplify our environment

an ingroup

“Us”

an outgroup

“Them”

economic, motivational, and cognitive

three theoretical perspectives on prejudice 

Realistic group conflict theory

A theory that group conflict, prejudices and discrimination are likely to arise over competition between groups for limited resources

Superordinate goals

A goal that transcends the interests of any one group and that can be achieved more readily by two or more groups working together 

Social identity theory

The idea that a person's self-concept and self-esteem derive not only from personal identity and accomplishments but also from the status and accomplishments of the various groups to which the person belongs.

Basking in reflected glory

Taking pride in the accomplishments of other people in one's group, such as when sports fans identify with a winning team.

Outgroup homogeneity effect

The tendency for people to assume that within-group similarity is much stronger for outgroups than for ingroups.

Own-race identification bias

The tendency for people to be better able to recognize and distinguish faces from their own race

than from other races.

Contact hypothesis

contact between members of different groups can reduce intergroup hostility, especially if the contact involves one-on-one interactions between individuals of equal status, if it encourages the cooperative pursuit of superordinate goals, and if it is supported by the prevailing norms in each group.

threatening someone’s relationships

According to class discussion, relational aggression involves ___.

Gender

Based in last class, what is the #1 predictor of aggression?

hostile

Aggression that is motivated by feelings of anger and whose only goal is to harm is aggression.

Instrumental

Nine-year-old Sam shoved a little boy off the swing because she wanted to get on the swing herself. Sam's aggression is _

reactivity of sympathetic nervous system and level of arousal in the brain

According to last class's discussion, temperament involves and

TWO.)

hippocampus

Based on last class discussion, all of the following brain structures are implicated in experiencing aggression EXCEPT for the

prefrontal cortex

Which brain structure is implicated in suppressing aggressive impulses?

temperamant

Which of these is NOT a situational determinant of aggression?