Oxidizing and Reducing Agents in Chemistry: Species and Reactions

Permanganate (MnO4-) in acid/neutral

Converts to Manganese(II) ion (Mn2+)

Permanganate (MnO4-) in base

Converts to solid Manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2)

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) in acid

Converts to Manganese(II) ion (Mn2+)

Dichromate (Cr2O7 2-) in acid

Converts to Chromium(III) ion (Cr3+)

Dichromate (Cr2O7 2-) in base

Converts to Chromite ion (CrO2-)

Nitric acid (HNO3, dilute)

Converts to Nitric oxide gas (NO)

Nitric acid (HNO3, concentrated)

Converts to Nitrogen dioxide gas (NO2)

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4, hot & conc.)

Converts to Sulfur dioxide gas (SO2)

Perchloric acid (HClO4)

Converts to Chloride ion (Cl-)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

Converts to Water (H2O)

Sodium peroxide (Na2O2)

Converts to Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Free halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2)

Convert to Halide ions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-)

"-ic" Metal ions (e.g., Fe3+)

Convert to lower-charge "-ous" metal ions (Fe2+)

Metal ions (Cu2+)

Convert to Free neutral metals (Cu)

Halide ions (Cl-, Br-, I-)

Convert to Free elemental halogens (Cl2, Br2, I2)

Free metals (Na, Mg)

Convert to Metal cations (Na+, Mg2+)

"-ous" Metal ions (e.g., Fe2+)

Convert to higher-charge "-ic" metal ions (Fe3+)

"-ite" Polyatomics (SO3 2-, NO2-)

Convert to "-ate" polyatomics (SO4 2-, NO3-)

Free halogens in dilute basic solution

Convert to Hypohalite ions (ClO-)

Free halogens in conc. basic solution

Convert to Halate ions (ClO3-)

Thiosulfate (S2O3 2-)

Converts to Tetrathionate ion (S4O6 2-)

Oxalate (C2O4 2-)

Converts to Carbon dioxide gas (CO2)