Org Chem Synthesis

Everything I need to know for Synthesis(and prob org chem)

Physical Properties of Alkynes

Alkynes only have dispersion Forces interacting within them.
SP hybridization

Allkylation Reactions

Any reaction in which a new c-c bond to an alkyl group is formed
-Alkylation with acetylide anions will only occur with Primary Haloalkanes

(review Nucleophilic substitution of a primary Haloalkane (7.5))

Dehydrohalogenation Reaction(Beta eliminations):

Removal of an -H or -X from adjacent carbons.

Can form both terminal and internal Alkynes(review 7.5 for the mechanisms)

Zaitsev’s Rule

Predicts the most substituted product will be the most stable(and thus favored) in an elimination reaction

Reaction Rules to Account for:

1. Numbers indicate the order of reaction steps.

2. when the number of equivalence for a reagent are not provided assume excess

3. H3O+ indicates an acid “work-up”( a acid added to neutralize the product[←intermediate until neutralized]).

Addition of Bromine and Chlorine

Review section 7.6 for mechanism
Regioselectivity: N/A(syymetric addition of Halogens)
Steroselectivity: N/A
(first and Second additions are Anti: however the second addition removes stereocenters. )

Addition of Hydrogen Halides(HX)

Regioselectivity: Markovnikov Addition
Stereoselectivity: N/A

Section 7.6 for mechanism

Hydroboration-Oxidation

-Meant for terminal Alkynes to prevent multiple Hydroborations. (USE R2BH as the reagent for all hydroboration reactions)
Regioselectivity: Non-markovnikov addition

Steroselectivity: Syn
-see 7.7 for reaction mechanism.

Tautomers

Constitutional Isomers in Equilbrium with each other that difffer in the location of a hydrogen aatom and a double bond relative to a heteroatom(atom that isnt carbon or hydrogen).

Enol

A Tautomer where a compound contains a hydroxyl group bonded to a C (double bonded) C

Keto-enol Tautomerism

Type of isomerism involving keto(ketone) and enol Tautomers.

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

Regioselectivity: Markovnikov addition
Stereoselectivity: N/A
see section 7.7 to memorize explicit mechanism(yes you have to memorize it)

Hydrogenation(Catalytic reduction)

Regioselectivty: N/A
Steroselectivity: Syn(mechanism not product)
see section 7.8 for explicit mechanism