IS 310 Chapter 3

What is a base?

The number of different digits, including zero, in a number system.

What is decimal?

Base 10, using the digits 0 through 9.

What is binary?

Base 2, using only the digits 0 and 1.

What is hexadecimal?

Base 16, using the digits 0 through 9 and the letters A through F.

What values do A-F represent in hexadecimal?

A=10, B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14, F=15.

Why is binary important in computers?

Digital devices represent numeric data using the binary number system.

Why is hexadecimal useful in computers?

It is easy to convert to binary and uses fewer digits than binary.

What is numeric data?

Numbers that can be used in arithmetic operations.

What is a bit?

One binary digit, either 0 or 1.

What is a byte?

A group of 8 bits.

What is the difference between b and B?

Lowercase b means bit; uppercase B means byte.

What units are used to describe data size?

Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, petabytes, and exabytes.

What is positional notation?

A system where a digit's value depends on its position and the base.

What are the place values in decimal?

Powers of 10 such as 10^0, 10^1, 10^2, and 10^3.

What are the place values in binary?

Powers of 2 such as 2^0, 2^1, 2^2, and 2^3.

What are the place values in hexadecimal?

Powers of 16 such as 16^0, 16^1, 16^2, and 16^3.

What are the first binary place values?

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128.

How many different values can 4 bits represent?

16 values.

How many different values can 8 bits represent?

256 values.

How many different values can 10 bits represent?

1,024 values.

How many different values can 16 bits represent?

65,536 values.

What happens to the number of digits needed as the base gets larger?

Fewer digits are needed.

What happens to the number of symbols required as the base gets larger?

More symbols are required.

What methods does the PowerPoint give for converting between bases?

Subtraction method, division method, and positional notation.

When is the subtraction method easiest to use?

With smaller numbers.

How does the division method convert decimal to binary?

Repeatedly divide by 2 and use the remainders to form the binary number.

How does positional notation convert binary to decimal?

Multiply each binary digit by its power of 2 and add the results.

How does positional notation convert hexadecimal to decimal?

Multiply each hex digit by its power of 16 and add the results.

What are the four rules of binary addition?

0+0=0, 0+1=1, 1+0=1, and 1+1=10.

What happens when 1 + 1 is added in binary?

The result is 10, so 0 is written and 1 is carried.

How do you add binary numbers?

Line up the digits by place value, add, and carry when necessary.

How do you subtract binary numbers?

Subtract using the place values of the binary number system.

How many binary bits correspond to one hexadecimal digit?

4 bits