Exam 2

discrimination

the act of treating particular groups of people unqeually

prejudice

an attitude resulting in a generalization or an irrational judgement regarding an entire category of people

segregation

separation of people or things

stereotypes

ideas or perceptions of a particular group or category of people

school choice

allows students to attend any public school within or outside their school district, a magnet or charter school, a private school, or home school

magnet schools

curriculum: specified

music offerings: diverse

funding: taxes

governance: school board

teachers: certified

exams: Florida Standards/FSA or EOC exams

tax vouchers?: yes

virtual schools

curriculum: narrow

music offerings: limited

funding: taxes or tuition

governance: school board or company

teachers: certified

charter schools

curriculum: narrow

music offerings: limited (if any)

funding: taxes

governance: charter

teachers: certified

exams: Florida Standards/FSA or EOC exams

tax vouchers?: yes

home schooling

curriculum: VERY narrow

music offerings: limited (if any)

funding: parental income

governance: parents (association)

teachers: not required to be certified

exams: no FSA or EOC exams

tax vouchers?: no

racism

discriminating against and being prejudiced toward a certain group of people because of the color of their skin

Horace Mann

championed for universal public education to give everyone the opportunity to improve their lives

Lowell Mason

proved that everyone could do music and do it well when he became the music teacher at the Hawes School for free, parents demanded the school boards to add music to all schools because of his actions

Merriam’s Functions of Music

1. emotional expression

2. aesthetic enjoyment

3. entertainment

4. communication

5. symbolic representation

6. physical response

7. enforcing conformity to social norms

8. validating social institutions and religious rituals

9. contributing to the continuity and stability of culture

10. contributing to the integration of society

wedding march, movie scores, humor, sound effects

examples of emotional expression

fancy restaurants, record stores, any performance

examples of aesthetic enjoyment

concerts, road trips

examples of entertainment

military music, religious music

examples of communication

Jaws theme, warchant

examples of symbolic representation

dancing, warchant, exercise

examples of physical response

warchant, hand over heart and take hat off for Star Spangled Banner

examples of enforcing conformity to social norms

Pomp and Circumstance, Hymn to the Garnet and Gold, programming a holiday vs. a Christmas concert

examples of validating social institutions and religious ritual

Hymn to the Garnet and Gold, songs about 9/11, We Are the World

examples of contributing to the continuity and stability of the culture

Hymn to the Garnet and Gold, Weird Al, YMCA

examples of contributing to the integration of society

Brown v. Board of Education

resulted in the Supreme Court decision to desegregate society through busing and schools

busing

transporting students to schools outside of their neighborhoods

tax-based vouchers

can only be used in public schools

tax-credit vouchers

can be used in any school, public or private

common school model

based on the democratic ideal that everyone should have the opportunity to be provided with the same education

sorting machine model

schools classify, divide, and group students according to individual talents and abilities based on teacher assessment, counselor recommendations, and test scores

equality of opportunity

everyone having the same access and treatment for what they need to be successful

inclusive classrooms

all students have the legal rights to participate fully in all activities all day in the least-restrictive environment possible

culturally responsive teaching

uses students’ language, customs, beliefs, traditions, etc. for learning

primary socialization agents

individuals who are our earliest and most fundamental influences

secondary socialization agents

influence how we apply the behaviors and attitudes learned from primary socialization agents to various aspects of our new expanded world

least restrictive environment

provides students with disabilities opportunities to interact and develop relationships with students who do not have disabilities

universal design for learning

everyone has the same opportunity and treatment

Visions 2020

follow-up conference to Tanglewood, brought people together to look at what music education needed to do to become a curricular component in the year 2020

Progressive Era

the move from an agricultural to an industrial society

Goals and Objectives Committee

group of people in the Tanglewood conference who listened to all discussions, made recommendations, and decided the role of music in schools

Bay Psalm Book

a book of songs that helped European settlers cope with the harsh realities of their lives

Wiley Housewright

chair of the GO committee, dean of the FSU COM, most important person in music education in the country during his time, developed the idea of a comprehensive music education

ESOL

English for Speakers of Other Languages

PL 94-142

all students with disabilities must be educated in the least restrictive environment possible

IEP

legal contractural document created by parents, school staff, special ed teachers, general ed teachers, and potentially the student that describes what accommodations and modifications a student may need to be successful

ESSA

enabled states to create education plans to better meet student’s needs

IDEA

required schools to educate all students aged 3-21 regardless of disabilities