bones set 2

skull

formed by 2 sets of bones (cranium and facial bones); joined by interlocking, immovable joints called sutures

cranium

composed of 8 large bones that enclose and protect the brain

facial bones

composed of 14 bones that hold the eyes in an anterior position and attack facial muscles

frontal bone

forms the forehead, the bone projections under the eyebrows, and the superior orbit

parietal bones

paired bones that form most of the superior and lateral walls of the cranium

sagittal suture

the mid line joint where the paired partial bones meet

coronal suture

the joint where the partial bones meet the frontal bone

temporal bones

paired bones that lie inferior to the partial bones

squamous sutures

the joints where the temporal bones join the parietal bones

external acoustic meatus

a canal that leads to the eardrums and middle ear

styloid process

a sharp, need like projection that serves as a neck muscle attachment point

zygomatic process

a thin bridge of bone that joins the cheekbone

mastoid process

a rough projection containing cavities (mastoid sinuses)

jugular foramen

junction of the occipital and temporal bones; allows for the passage of the jugular vein

internal acoustic meatus

a canal that transmits cranial nerves VII and VIII

Carotid canal

allows for the passage of the carotid artery

occipital bone

the most posterior bone of the cranium

lambdoid suture

the joint where the occipital bone joins the parietal anteriorly

foramen magnum

a large hole at the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord to connect with the brain

sphenoid bone

a butterfly-shaped bone that spans the width of the skull

sell turcica (Turks Saddle)

a small depression in the midline of the sphenoid bone that holds the pituitary gland in place

maxilla (maxillary bones)

fuse to form the upper jaw; known as the “keystone” bones of the face because all the facial bones (except the mandible) join them; they also hold the upper teeth

palatine bone

paired bones that form the hard plate

zygomatic bones

the cheekbones

lacrimal bones

fingernail sized bones that form the medial walls of the orbit; have a hole for teals

nasal bones

small rectangular bones that form the bridge of the nose

vomer bone

a single bone in the median line of the nasal cavity

inferior nasal conchae

thin, curved bones projecting from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

mandible

the lower jaw; the largest and strongest bone of the face, and forms the only free moving joint of the skull

hyoid bone

suspended in the mid-neck region and anchored by ligaments to the styloid process; it is a movable base for the tongue. It is the only bone in the embody that does not articulate directly with any other bone; strangulation

vertebral column or spine

extends from the skull to the pelvis and support the skull; composed of 26 irregular bones divided into 5 regions

vertebrae

the 26 irregular bones that make up the spine

scoliosis

sideways curve of the spine, S or C shape

kyphosis

an outward rounding or forward curve of the upper spine

lordosis

am inward curve of the upper back or neck toward the front of the body

body or centrum

the weight bearing, block like anterior part of the vertebral column

vertebral arch

an arch formed from the joint of all posterior extension, the laminae and pedicles

laminae and pedicles

the bony extensions that join to form the vertebral arch

vertebral foramen

the canal through which the spinal cord passes

transverse processes

two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

spinous process

a single projection arising from the fused laminae

superior and inferior articular processes

paired projections lateral to the vertebral foramen, enabling vertebrae to form joints with adjacent vertebrae

cervical vertebrae

C1-C7, the first seven vertebrae forming the neck region of the spine

atlas

C1: the first cervical vertebra; has no body, features superior depressions that receive the skull, and allows you to nod “yes”

axis

C2; the second cervical vertebra; acts as a pivot for the rotation of the atlas and skull

dens

the pivot point on the axis

thoracic vertebrae

T1-T12; the twelve typical vertebrae that are larger then cervical vertebrae and have articulating surfaces to receive the heads of the ribs

lumbar vertebrae

L1-L5; the five vertebrae with massive blocklike bodies; the sturdiest of the vertebrae to take the stress of the body’s weight

sacrum

a bone formed by the fusion of 5 vertebrae; forms the posterior wall of the pelvis

alae

winglike projections on the sacrum that articulate with the hip

median sacral crest

the fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae

sacral canal

the continuous of the vertebral canal down through the sacrum

sacral hiatus

the enlarged opening at the inferior end of the sacrum

coccyx

the “tailbone”, formed by the fusion of 3-5 tiny, irregular shaped vertebrae (the remnant of the tail)

bony thorax/thoracic cage

made up of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae; protects the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels

sternum

the breastbone; a flat bone formed by the fusion of three bones (manubrium, body, and xiphoid process)

jugular notch

the concave upper border of the manubrium

sternal angle

a bony landmarks of the sternum where the manubrium and body meet (site for a sternal puncture)

xiphisternal joint

the point where the sternal body and the xiphoid process fuse (at the level of the 9th thoracic vertebra)

ribs

12 pairs of bones that form the walls of the bony thorax; all articulate with the vertebral column posteriorly

true ribs

the first 7 pairs of ribs; they attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilage

false ribs

the next 5 pairs of ribs; they attach indirectly to the sternum or are not attached anteriorly at all

floating ribs

The last two pairs of false ribs that lack any anterior attachment