Spn 466 Exam 2 Vocab + Non charts

diphthong

vowel + glide

rhizotonic

stress on the root

arhizotonic

stress off the root

latin syllabication rules

maximize the onset - as many consonants as possible at start, 1 vowel per, cannot start with s

geminates

long consonants

Italian syllabication

kept latin (generally)

spanish syllabication

neutralized, shifts stress to last syllable (generally)

French syllabification

difference in latin stress = difference in french form

Penultimate syllable is heavy…

penultimate is stressed

Penultimate is light…

Antepenultimate is stressed

the great merger

10 latin vowel system to 7 vowel system of proto-romance (i, e, epsilon, a, backwards c, o, u)

Italian stress on antepenult =

failure of diphthongization

Spanish palatal articulation (ch, ll) later in word =

raising effects (u instead of o, e instead of a)

French stressed vowel before nasal consonant =

diphthong

Latin diphthongs

au, ae, oe

syncope

word-medial deletions the reduce the syllable count, affects atonic vowels, whole syllable can be deleted

metathesis

nasal liquid → liquid nasal (ex. nr → rn)

epenthesis

adds a consonant into a cluster, ml → mbl, nr → ndr

assimilation

makes two sounds more similar to one another

progressive assimilation

1 2 → 2 2

regressive assimilation

1 2 → 1 1

degemination

shortening of long consonants, occurs in every language but Italian

leniton

weakening of sounds

palatalization / velarization

shifting to a palatal or velar sound in order to make back to back sounds easier