AFOM Chapter 5

What bone is located on the pinky side of the wrist

Ulna

What bone is located on the thumb side of the wrist

Radius

what are the proximal row carpal bones

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Name the boat-like shaped bone carpal bone

Scaphoid (navicular)

Which carpal bone is moon-like shaped

Lunate

which carpal bone is triangular shaped

triquetrum

Which carpal bone is pea-shaped and sits on top of the triquetrum

Pisiform

what are the distal row carpal bones

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

which carpal is this

trapezium, trapezoid-shaped bone

Which carpal bone is the largest?

Capitate

which carpal bone has a hook-like shape

hamate

metacarpals (hand)

there are 5 numbered (1-5, thumb to pinky finger); just before the phalanges

What is the function of sesamoid bones in the thumb?

They are embedded in tendon.

How many phalanges are there in total in the fingers?

Fourteen

how many phalanges do the fingers have

3 (proximal, middle, distal)

how many phalanges does the thumb have

2 (proximal and distal)

radiocarpal joint

between radius and proximal carpals (scaphoid and lunate)

What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

Condylar joint

intercarpal joint

between carpals of the same row (proximal row: scaphoid and lunate; distal row: trapezoid and capitate)

what type of joint is the intercarpal joint

gliding

carpometacarpal joint

between distal row of carpals and metacarpal bones

what type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint

gliding

metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint

between the head of metacarpals and base of phalanges (the knuckles)

what type of joint is the MP joint

condyloid

what are the movements possible at the MP joint

flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, circumduction

PIP (proximal interphalangeal) joint

between proximal and middle phalanx

what type of joint is the PIP joint

hinge (flexion and extension)

DIP (distal interphalangeal) joint

between middle and distal phalanx

what type of joint is the DIP joint

hinge (flexion and extension)

carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

articulation between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb

what type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

saddle

the wrist joint

considered as the articulation between the radius and the scaphoid and lunate (proximal carpals)

flexor (volar) retinaculum and extensor (dorsal) retinaculum

bands of connective tissue over the palmar and dorsal surfaces of wrist

carpal tunnel

formed by the flexor (volar) and extensor (dorsal) retinaculum over the carpal bones to allow tendons of the wrist and hand muscles to pass

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel at the wrist.

causes of carpal tunnel syndrome

• pain, numbness, or tingling in the hand

• loss of function (grip and grab)

• muscle atrophy (loosing muscle mass)

flexion of the wrist

wrist moves anteriorly, towards forearm

extension of the wrist

wrist move posteriorly, upward

ulnar deviation

wrist moves towards the pinky side of forearm

radial deviation

wrist moves towards the thumb side of forearm

circumduction of wrist

combining all movements (flexion, extension, ulnar and radial deviation) (not fundamental)

flexion of the fingers

moving fingers forward

extension of the fingers

moving fingers backwards

adduction of fingers

bringing fingers back together

abduction of fingers

spreading fingers apart

flexion of thumb

sweeping thumb across the palm

extension of thumb

moving thumb back to original position

adduction of thumb

moving the thumb towards the index finger

abduction of thumb

moving the thumb away from the index finger

opposition of thumb

when you move your thumb across the palm to touch the tip of your fingers

extrinsic muscles of the wrist and hands

originate outside of the hand and insert in the hand

flexor muscles of the hand and wrist

located on the anterior side of the hand and wrist

origin of flexor carpi radialis

common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle)

insertion of flexor carpi radialis

base of metacarpals 2 (index) and 3 (middle)

action of flexor carpi radialis

flexion and radial deviation of the wrist

origin of flexor carpi ulnaris

common flexor tendon; ulnar - olecranon process on posterior side

insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris

pisiform, hamate, and base of metacarpal 5

action of flexor carpi ulnaris

flexion and ulnar deviation of wrist

origin of palmaris longus

common flexor tendon

insertion of palmaris longus

palmar aponeurosis

action of palmaris longus

flexion of the wrist

origin of flexor digitorum superficialis

common flexor tendon, coronoid process, proximal half on anterior radius

insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis

base of middle phalanges of the 4 fingers

action of flexor digitorum superficialis

flexion of PIP, MP, and wrist joints

all flexor muscle originate on the common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle) except

flexor digitorum profundus

origin of flexor digitorum profundus

proximal anterior and medial ulna; interosseous membrane

insertion of flexor digitorum profundus

base of distal phalanges of the 4 fingers

action of the flexor digitorum profundus

flexion of DIP, PIP, MP and weak flexion of wrist joint

extensor muscle of the hand

located on the posterior side of the hand/wrist

origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis

common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle)

insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis

base of 3rd metacarpal

action of extensor carpi radialis brevis

extension and radial deviation of the wrist

origin of extensor carpi ulnaris

common extensor tendon

insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris

base of 5th metacarpal

action of extensor carpi ulnaris

extension and ulnar deviation of the wrist

origin of extensor digitorum (communis)

common extensor tendon

insertion of extensor digitorum (communis)

bases of middle and distal phalanges of the 4 fingers

action of extensor digitorum (communis)

extension of the DIP, PIP, and MP joints of the four finger; assist with extension of the wrist

origin of extensor digiti minimi

common extensor tendon

insertion of extensor digiti minimi

base of proximal phalanx of the little (5th) finger

action of extensor digiti minimi

extension of the MP joint and wrist

origin of extensor carpi radialis longus

lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus

base of metacarpal 2

action of extensor carpi radialis longus

extension and radial deviation of the wrist

origin of extensor indicis

dorsal (posterior) aspect of distal ulna

insertion of extensor indicis

base of proximal and middle phalanx of the index finger

action of extensor indicis

extension of the 2nd MP and PIP joint (index) and assist with extension of the wrist

all extensor muscle of the hand originate on the common extensor tendon except

extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor indicis

intrinsic muscles

originate inside of the hand and insert in the hand

what are the intrinsic muscles of the hand

hypothenar eminence

abductor digiti minimi

flexor digiti minimi brevis

opponens digiti minimi

dorsal interossei & palmar interossei

lumbricals

dorsal interossei & palmar interossei

in the palm and run in between the metacarpals

lumbricals

extend all the way to the fingers

action of extensor pollicis longus

extension of the IP and MP joints of the thumb

action of extensor pollicis brevis

extension of the MP joint

action of abductor pollicis longus

abduction of the thumb

action of flexor pollicis longus

flexion of the IP and MP joints of the thumb

action of abductor pollicis brevis

abduction of the thumb

action of flexor pollicis brevis

flexion of the MP joint of the thumb

action of opponens pollicis

adduction (opposition) of the thumb

action of adductor pollicis

adduction (opposition) of the thumb