chapter 4: stoichiometry

percent yield

• the extent to which a reaction’s theoretical yield is achieved

• percent yield = actual yield / theoretical yield x 100

titration

• titrant: solution containing a known concentration of one reactant

• analyte: solution containing a reactant of unknown amount or concentration

• indicator: a chemical that chages color around a specific pH point, the observed color change is called the end point which is very close to the equivalence point

• equivalence point: when you have added just enough of the titrant to completely react with the analyte

gravimetric analysis

when a sample undergoes some sort of treatment that makes the components separate. usually a percipitate (solid) forms. you then measure the isolated analyte to calculate its concentration from the original sample.

theoretical yield

always use limiting reactant to calculate theoretical yield