Fluid and Electrolytes lab values

sodium

Na+

potassium

K+

calcium

Ca ++

magnesium

Mg ++

chloride

Cl-

bicarbonate

HCO3-

phosphate

HPO4-

sulfate

SO4-

280 to 300 mOsm/kg

serum osmolality

200 to 800 mOsm/kg

urine osmolality

1.010 to 1.025

normal range of urine specific gravity

10 to 20 mg/dL

normal BUN

0.7 to 1.4 mg/dL

normal Creatinine

42 to 52%

Hematocrit (males)

35 to 47%

Hematocrit (females)

75 to 200 mEq/24 hours

normal Urine sodium levels (24 hours)

40 mEq/L

normal Urine sodium levels (random)

20 to 77 ng/L

normal ANP measured in plasma

2.2 lbs / 1 kg

One liter of fluid loss weighs (lb/kg)

6 to 15 g

average daily diet of sodium

250 mg

average restricted diet of sodium

135 to 145 mEq/L

Normal range of sodium

135 mEq/L

Hyponatremia is serum sodium less than <

145 mEq/L

Hypernatremia is a serum sodium higher than >

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

Normal serum potassium level

3.5 mEq/L

Hypokalemia is a serum potassium level less than <

5.0 mEq/L

Hyperkalemia is a serum potassium level greater than >

10 to 20 mEq/h

maximum concentration of potassium that shoud be deliver in a peripheral line

8.6 to 10.2 mg/dL

Normal serum calcium levels

8.6 mg/dL

Hypocalcemia is a serum calcium level less than <

10.2 mg/dL

Hypercalcemia is a serum calcium level greater than >

1.3 to 2.3 mg/dL

Normal serum magnesium levels

1.3 mg/dL

Hypomagnesemia is a serum magnesium level less than <

2.3 mg/dL

Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium level greater than >

2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL

normal serum phosphorous levels are

2.5 mg/dL

Hypophosphatemia is a serum phosphorus level less than <

4.5 mg/dL

Hyperphosphatemia is a serum phosphorus level greater than >

97 to 10 mEq/L

Normal serum chloride levels are

97 mEq/L

Hypochloremia is a serum chloride level less than <

107 mEq/L

Hyperchloremia is a serum chloride level greater than >

7.35 to 7.45

normal pH range

6.8 to 7.8

pH range compatible with life is

carbonic acid

H2CO3- (H2O + CO2)

8 to 12 mEq/L

normal value for an anion gap (without potassium)

12 to 16 mEq/L

normal value for an anion gap (with potassium)

34-45 mm Hg

normal values for PaCO2

70 to 100 mm Hg

normal values for PaO2

19 to 25 mEq/L

normal values for HCO3-

+ or - 5meq/L

Base excess/deficit

90-95%

normal Oxygen saturation

low pH, high or normal HCO3-, and high PaCO2 incidates

respiratory acidosis

high pH, low or normal HCO3-, low PaCO2 indicates

respiratory alkalosis

low pH, low HCO3-, low or normal PaCO2 indicates

metabolic acidosis

high pH, high HCO3-, high or normal PaCO2 indicates

metabolic alkalosis

Fluids that are classified as _____ have a total osmolality close to that of the ECF and do not cause red blood cells to shrink or swell. They expand the ECF volume

isotonic

D52, normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride), and Lactated Ringer's are all _______ solutions

isotonic

_____ fluids are meant to replace cellular fluid, because it it hypotonic compared with plasma. It provides free water for excretion of body wastes

hypotonic

0.45% sodium chloride (half strength saline) is a ______ fluid

hypotonic

______ fluids havea osmolality that exceeds the ECF (high dextrose 50%), and cause the cells to shrink.

hypertonic