3.1 Blood: cell types and hematopoiesis

what pumps oxygenated blood away from heart to body tissues?

arteries

what do branched arteries become as they get smaller?

eventually become continuous with capillaries

what are capillaries?

thin-walled vessels made out of simple squamous tissue where exchange occurs between blood and tissues

what do capillaries lead into?

lead into veins which carry deoxygenated blood back towards heart

what are functions of blood?

transportation of respiratory gases (co2 and o2), nutrients, waste products, and hormones

regulates body temp, pH, and fluid volume (through osmotic pressure)

prevents infection from bacteria and viruses

what is blood composed of?

erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), platelets, and plasma

what percent of blood volume do erythrocytes take up?

45% total volume

what is hematocrit?

percent RBC per total volume

what blood volume percent do leukocytes take up?

less than 1% total volume

what blood volume percent do platelets take up?

less than 1% total volume

what percent does plasma take up in blood volume?

55 percent of total volume but is the least dense component

how do blood cell develop?

through process of hematopoiesis invloving distinct stages of differentiation from stem cells

where does hematopoiesis occur?

occurs in red bone marrow located in axial skeleton, pectoral/hip girldes, and proximal humerus and femur

image of blood

when draw blood and centrifuge it, what are the three layers?

top is plasma becuase least dense, next is leukocytes and platlets, and bottom layer is erythrocytes because most dense component

physical characteristic of blood plasma?

straw-colored, sticky solution made 90% of water

what solutes does plasma contain?

electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca, Cl-)

plasma proteins

nutrients absorbed from digestive tract

O2 and CO2

steroid and thyroid hormones

what are the plasma proteins that are in plasma?

albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen

what is and does albumin do?

albumin makes up 60% of plasma proteins

is a transport protein for fatty acids, steroid hormones, bilirubin

is main contributor to osmotic pressure of blood

what is osmotic pressure?

pull of solute conocentration gradient that keeps optimal levels of water in blood

what percentage do globulins make up of plasma?

make up 36% of plasma proteins

what tare the types of globulins and what do they do?

alpha and beta globulins: transport proteins for lipids, fat-soluble vitamins

gamma globulins: antibodies released from leukocytes

percent makeup of fibrinogen and function?

makes up 4% of plasma proteins

forms fibrini threads during blood clotting