(CH. 5 Tests) Major Test B Study Guide - SRVY 2331

SRVY 2331 GPS Chapter 5 vocabulary and terms questions and Geodesy Chapter 5 Coordinates Quiz for Test B Test Bank

latitude is

An angular coordinate, the angle measured from an equatorial plane to a line

λ represents

an angular coordinate, of which west which is negative and east is longitude positive (symbol for longitude)

Φ represents

the symbol for latitude

The definition of longitude

is the dihedral angle from the plane of reference, 0° meridian, to a plane through a point of concern, and both planes perpendicular to the plane of the equator.

Semi-minor axis b

is the shorter half of an ellipse's diameter

Conformal projection

is one in which shape is preserved

Semi-major axis a

is the distance from the center of an ellipse and it determines various properties of the orbit such as orbital energy and orbital period

Grid distance is

Geodetic Distance multiplied by Scale Factor

Oblate spheroid

a surface of revolution obtained by rotating an ellipse about its minor axis

Datum

Parameters, constants, and conventions that form the foundation for the realization of a coordinate system

Ellipsoid

a closed surface generated by rotating an ellipse about its minor axis

A reference frame

is the realization of a system through the establishment of accessible control from which surveys can begin and maps made.

Map projections have

four elements, area, shape, scale or direction

Empirical evidence

is a key part of the scientific method and is used in many disciplines

Isostatic rebound

is literally the Earth’s crust rising slowly from the removal of the weight and subsurface fluids caused by the retreat of the glaciers from the last ice age.

Reference epoch coordinates

have the station’s coordinates completely and correctly defined when the reference frame, frame reference epoch, and coordinate epoch, aka survey epoch are all included

Geocenter

is the middle of mass of the total Earth including both the solid and fluid portions of the planet

Earth-centered earth-fixed ECEF coordinates

is a Cartesian system of coordinates or reference frame with three axes in which the origin of the three-dimensional system is the geocenter.

Geoid model

are two categories, the composite and the gravimetric.

Chandler period

is the oscillation of the Earth’s axis for a period that varies from 412 to 442 days that is named after a U.S. Astronomer (1846–1913).

Astronomic latitude

based on the angle between the Earth’s equatorial plane and a plumb line (direction of gravity)

Geodetic latitude

differs from astronomic latitude by the meridional component of the deflection of the vertical.

Reference ellipsoid

is used in the creation of a reference frame which supports geodetic calculations.

Conformal or orthomorphic map projections

are those in which shape is preserved

Deflection of the vertical

at a point on the Earth the angle between the direction of gravity and a line perpendicular to the reference ellipsoid.

Polar motion

is the movement of the rotation pole, with respect to the crust and mantle of the Earth.

CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Stations)

is a network of GNSS receivers with antennas that constantly track satellites, whose data support the differential correction of three-dimensional positioning and/or sometimes supporting real-time positioning applications.

Lambert Conformal

is developed on the projection of a cone

Transverse Mercator

is developed on the projection of a cylinder

UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator)

was designed as a consistent coordinate system that could promote cooperation between the military organizations of several nations

Which UTM zones cover the conterminous United States?

Zones 10 North to 19 North

Which statement about the geoid is correct?

The geoid’s surface is always perpendicular to gravity.

What is the datum used for the GPS navigation message?

WGS84 (G2139)

How is the combined factor calculated in SPCS conversion?

The scale factor is multiplied by the elevation factor.

What is deflection of the vertical?

The angle between the plumb line and the line perpendicular to the reference ellipsoid

Each projection serves a particular application well, but none of them can represent the Earth without

distortion

There have been a whole variety of map developed over the centuries that rely on mathematical relationships between positions on the Earth's surface and points on the map.

Projections

Ever since 200 BC, when Eratosthenes almost calculated the planet's circumference correctly, has been getting ever closer to expressing the actual shape of the Earth in numerical terms.

Geodesy

Local topography is obvious to an standing on the Earth, but efforts to grasp the more general nature of the planet's shape and size have been occupying scientists for at least 2300 years.

Observer

Which organization currently maintains the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS)?

IERS

What information is necessary to convert an ellipsoidal height to an orthometric height?

The geoid height

What technology contributed the least number of positions to the original adjustment of NAD83?

GPS

What does an orthomorphic map projection preserve?

Angles and shapes

Which mapping projection is not used in the State Plane Coordinate Systems in the United States?

The Universal Transverse Mercator projection

Which unit of measurement was eliminated as of January 1, 2023?

U.S. survey foot

Which one of the four plate-fixed terrestrial reference frames introduced after 2022 is on a plate not included in the three components of NAD83?

Caribbean Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (CTRF2022)