BIO 108: Metabolism Categories

__ - cofactors for reactions.

Vitamins

Water-soluble:

__ - coenzyme in breaking C-C bonds.

Thiamine & Biotin

Water-soluble:

__ - part of FAD & FMN.

Riboflavin

Water-soluble:

__ - part of NAD.

Niacin

Water-soluble:

__ - part of acetyl-CoA.

B5

Water-soluble:

__ - coenzyme in amino acid & lipid metabolism.

B6

Water-soluble:

__ - coenzyme in amino acid & nucleic acid metabolism, prevents neural tube defects in babies.

Folic acid

Water-soluble:

__ - needed for RBC formation, nucleic acid metabolism.

B12

Water-soluble:

__ - coenzyme, delivers H ions, anti-oxidant.

C, ascorbic acid

Fat-soluble:

__ - synthesis of visual pigments, supports immune system.

A

Fat-soluble:

__ - bone growth, Ca & Phosphorus absorption.

D

Fat-soluble:

__ - prevents breakdown of vit. A & fatty acids, anti-oxidant.

E

Fat-soluble:

__ - production of prothrombin & clotting factors.

K

__ - osmotic concentrations, physiological processes, cofactors in enzymatic reactions.

Minerals

Bulk:

__ - membrane function.

Sodium & Potassium

Bulk:

__ - major ion in body fluids.

Chloride

Bulk:

__ - bone structure, muscle & neuron function.

Calcium

Bulk:

__ - high energy compounds, nucleic acids.

Phosphorus

Bulk:

__ - cofactor of enzymes.

Magnesium

Bulk:

__ - component of proteins, electron carriers.

Sulfur

Trace:

__ - component of hemoglobin & cytochromes.

Iron

Trace:

__ - cofactor in enzyme systems.

Zinc

Trace:

__ - cofactor for hemoglobin production.

Copper

Trace:

__ - hemoglobin production & urea formation.

Manganese

Trace:

__ - needed with B12 for RBC production.

Cobalt

Trace:

__ - important anti-oxidant.

Selenium

Trace:

__ - cofactor for glucose metabolism.

Chromium

Trace:

__ - required for thyroid hormones → regulates metabolism.

Iodide