Autonomc nervous system

What are the 2 divisions if the autonomic nervous system?

• sympathetic

• Parasympathetic

How does the autonomic system broadly maintain homeostasis?

What are the major differences between the somatic and 2 divisions of the autonomic motor system ?

What is the difference between the somatic and ANS?

• somatic is monosyaptic

• Autonomic is disynaptic

Compare the somatic and autonomic motor neurons?

• somatic → faster, due to wider diameter and axon goes straight to muscke, and lots if myelin

• Autonomic → slower as only axons of pre ganglionic fibres have any myelin at all, small axon diameter, post ganglion axon no myelin, small and thin, so slower

What neurotransmitters ae released from the sympathetic vs parasympathetic branches?

• Sympathetic → noradrenaline

• Parasympathetic → acetylecholine

What are the 4 cranial nerves with parasympathetic components?

• 3rd occulomotor

• 7th facial

• 9th goossipharyngeal

• 10th vagus

Describe the sympathetic thoraco lumber division

How can release if the same neurotransmitter cause excitation if some effectors and inhibition of others?

• 2 types of receptors

Nomenclature of ACh

What are th 2 opposing iris muscles?

Complete this table

To dilate the pupil, is it a good idea to activate sympathetic input to dilator muscle with agonists?

• No, impractical

• Agonists are usually class A = illegal without permission for a kharmacist

To dilate the pupil, is it a good idea to prevent NA neurotransmitter breakdown by blocking the degradation enzyme to prolong its availability?

No, the blockers (MAOIs) are psycho active

To dilate the pupil, is it a good idea to block acetylcholine neurotransmitter action on sphincter muscke with competitive antagonist instead? Dilator muscke working unopposed so pupil dilates

• Yes,

• tropicamide , adults

• Cyclopentane , children (as this also paralyses their ciliary muscle/accommodation too)

If the pupil is pathologically dilated, how do we figure out whats wrong?

What are the opposite neurogenic pathologies with dilated,pupil (mydriasis) vs constricted pupil (miosis) ?

What dies parasympathetic innervation if the iris constrictor (sphincter) muscle via the ciliary ganglion look like?

What does sympathetic innervation of the iris dilator & millers muscles via the superior cervical ganglion look like?