Psych 214 show me the brain, directions, and planes

What structure is this

brodmann area 6

what structure is this

brodmann area 8

what structure is this

brodmann area 17

what structure is this

brodmann area 18

what structure is this

caudate nucleus

what structure is this

cerebellum

what structure is this

fusiform gyrus

what structure is this

global pallidus

what structure is this

inferior colliculus

what structure is this

inferior occipital gyrus

what structure is this

inferior temporal gyrus

what structure is this

lateral geniculate nucleus

what structure is this

lateral occipital gyrus

what structure is this

medial geniculate nucleus

what structure is this

medulla

what structure is this

middle temporal gyrus

what structure is this

optic chiasm

what structure is this

optic nerve

what structure is this

optic tract

what structure is this

parahippocampal gyrus

what structure is this

precentral gyrus

what structure is this

putamen

what structure is this

red nucleus

what structure is this

substantia nigra

what structure is this

subthalamic nucleus

what structure is this

superior colliculus

what structure is this

superior occipital gyrus

what structure is this

superior parietal lobule

what structure is this

thalamus

what plane of sections is this

axial/horizontal/transverse plane

what plane of sections is this

coronal/frontal plane

what plane of sections is this

sagittal plane

where is the ventral direction

towards the bottom of the head for structures below the midbrain

where does the superior direction point

up

where does the inferior direction point

down

where does the anterior direction point

to the left/front of the brain

where does the posterior direction point

to the right/back of the brain

where is the dorsal direction

towards the top of the head for structures above the midbrain

where is the rostral direction

towards the nose / the front half of the brain

where is the caudal direction

towards the tail/ back half of the brain

what does the medial view of the brain show

the internal structures and sections of the brain

what does the lateral view of the brain show

the outer side of one hemisphere

what is N170

an electrical response associated with face detection

How does V1 activity during eyes closed visual imagery change after taking psychedelic ayahuasca

V1 imagery approaches that of viewing an external image

compared with non experts, how did children with Pokemon expertise differ in activation of the fusiform face area

they showed greater activation to Pokemon characters, but similar activation to human faces

how did the researchers distinguish visual cortex activation from functional connectivity

activation reflected the response within visual cortex; connectivity reflected coordinated activity between regions

in research on phantom limb pain, what’s the difference between a receptive field and a projected field

a receptive field is a location on the body that is physically stimulated; a projected field is where a sensation is self reported

what is the important neurotransmitter that cannabinoids help moderate for decreasing damage caused by an ischemic stroke

glutamine

using TMS and sEMG to study observational learning and mirror neurons, which condition had the largest MEP response

observation interspersed throughout physical practice

in TBI studies with rodents, which receptor has the greatest benefit for mood and neuroplasticity when bound to psilocybin

serotonin

which statement best describes the potential relationship between smoking and parkinson’s disease

smoking may protect dopaminergic neurons and reduce the risk of parkinson’s disease

which process leads to increased activity in the anterior midcingulate cortex

-deciding which button to press in an experiment

-deciding when to press a button in an experiment

together, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system make up what nervous system

the peripheral nervous system

the superior colliculus is to ___ as the inferior colliculus is to ___

vision; hearing

damage to the basal ganglia would most likely result in

a movement disorder

the pre central gyrus is essential for the

control of movements

what is the “binding problem”

the issue of how we perceive visual, auditory, and other aspects of a stimulus as a single object

How does fMRI differ from MRI?

fMRI measures activity and MRI measures anatomy

Which method relies on injecting a radioactive chemical into the blood?

PET

Which of the following is a way to produce a temporary “virtual lesion”?

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

A person consciously experiences “seeing” something when the information reaches ___

V1

In the back of each of your eyes, the axons of your ganglion cells all leave in one large bundle called the ______. As a result, this causes her to experience a _____.

optic nerve; blind spot

Why do humans perceive faint light better in the periphery of the eye?

more receptors in the periphery than in the fovea funnel input to each ganglion cell

What is a simple way to determine whether a cell in the primary visual cortex is a simple cell or a complex cell?

Test whether it responds to a stimulus in one place or in several locations.

The motor cortex produces a kind of activity called a(n) ____ before any voluntary movement.

readiness potential

Most of the axons of the medial tract go to which side of the body?

bilateral

Which pathway in the brain inhibits inappropriate movements?

indirect pathway

Which pathway in the brain initiates voluntary movements?

direct pathway

In the phenomenon of binocular rivalry, when one eye sees one pattern and the other eye sees another, what do you perceive?

temporary alternation between one pattern and the other

Which of the following is most likely to cause spatial neglect?

Damage to the right hemisphere

Central nervous system

the brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body

what does the somatic nervous system do

controls voluntary muscles and conveys sensory information to the CNS

what does the autonomic nervous system do

controls the heart, intestines, and other organs

what two sections is the autonomic nervous system divided into

sympathetic nervous system

sympathetic nervous system=

“fight or flight”

parasympathetic nervous system=

“rest and digest”

what is the sympathetic nervous system

a network of nerves that prepares the organs for rigorous activity

what is the parasympathetic nervous system

a network of nerves that facilitates vegetative and non emergency responses

what is grey matter

neuronal cell bodies and dendrites

what is white matter

myelinated axons

what is the corpus callosum

massive white matter tract linking the two hemispheres

what are meninges

membrane that surround the brain and the spinal cord that contain pain receptors

structures in the forebrain

thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia

structures in the midbrain

tectum, tegmentum, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, substantia nigra

what structures are in the hindbrain

pons, medulla, cerebellum

what does the dorsal root on each side of the spinal cord to

conveys sensory information to the spinal cord

what does the ventral root in the spinal cord do

convey motor commands to the muscles

what is the limbic system associated with

motivating emotions like eating, drinking, sexual activity, depression, and anxiety

what is hypokinesia (parkinson’s disease)

impairment in initiating movements and a reduction in strength of voluntary movements

what is hyperkinesia (huntingtons disease)

excessive motor activity, involuntary movements, hypotonia

what is the mcgurk effect

a perceptional illusion showing you that what you see can change depending on how your brain hears a sound

what is a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan and what does it do

maps brain areas using X-ray in order to identify tumors and other abnormalities

what does a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) do

uses radio frequency field and atomic nuclei to release and measure electromagnetic energy in order to obtain an image of the brain or another structure

what does diffusion tensor imaging do

measures diffusions of water into axons to trace white matter connections in the brain

what is a voxel

a 3d volume element that serves as a single building block of a scanned image in a MRI

what is an intercranial EEG or iEEG

an invasive method where a very small electrode is implanted into an axon or outside the axon membrane to record neural activity

what is an electroencephalography (scalp EEG)

records the overall activity of neurons under various electrodes attached to the scalp

what is event related potential (ERP)

Measured by an EEG, they are tiny changes in the electrical activity of the brain that changes in a direct response to specific cognitive, sensory, or motor event

what two kinds of receptors do the vertebrate retina consist of

rods and cones