processing xray film

Latent image

the invisible image formed when the crystals (film) are exposed.

Visible image

latent image is exposed to the processing solutions

immerse film in developer solution 10-15 seconds

rinse in running water

immerse in fixing solution

washing

drying and mounting for viewing

Procedures in Film Processing:

Developer Solution

Reduces all silver ions in the exposed crystals of silver bromide (with a latent image) to metallic silver.

Developer

preservative

activator

restrainer

4 components: DPAR

ELON

(monomethyl-para-aminophenol sulfate) bring out the gray shades in an image

Hydroquinone

(paradihydroxy benzene) brings out the contrast of the image - this is where you can see the ○ White and black

Sodium sulfite

(main preservative component)

PRESERVATIVE

Helps protect the developers from being oxidized by atmospheric oxygen

ACTIVATOR

Soften the gelatin so the developer agents can diffuse more rapidly into the emulsion and reach the silver bromide crystals suspended in the gelatin

sodium carbonate

sodium hydroxide

sodium metacarbonate

sodium tetraborate

Compounds that act as an activator

restrainer

- Acts as an anti-fog agent - Potassium bromide

15 to 20

The films are rinsed in water for ____ seconds before being placed in a fixer

FIXING SOLUTION

To remove (dissolve) the underdeveloped silver halide crystals from the emulsion (opaque) -the image will be dark and non diagnostic

FIXING SOLUTION

To harden (fix) the film emulsion

● Clearing agent

● Acidifier

● Preservative

● Hardener

4 components: of fixer CAPH

CLEARING AGENT

Dissolves and removes the unexposed silver halide

- Sodium thiosulfate

- Ammonium thiosulfate

Compounds that acts as a clearing agents are:

ACIDIFIER

Neutralize any contaminating alkali from the developing solution and to inhibit any carryover of developing agents

PRESERVATIVE

Prevent the decomposition of the thiosulfate clearing agent (unstable in the acid environment) - Sodium sulfite

HARDENER

Prevent damage to the gelatin by subsequent handling

aluminum potassium sulfate

chromium potassium sulfate

Contents of harderener: AC

(4) WASHING

- The processed film is washed in a sufficient flow of water in an adequate time to ensure the removal of all processing chemicals - will discolor and cause stains

light proof

well ventilated

safelighting

4 feet

15 watt bulb

5 minutes handling time

DARKROOM EQUIPMENT LWS 6