rmn and gk archeology- ppl

latini

early latin speaking peoples of central intaly, part of the background for early rome

pompey

first emperor of rome

used monuments and imagery to promote peace, stability,, piery and dynasitc power

claudius

julio-claudian emperor in the 1st centry ce

used for imperial portraiture and public image

vespasian

first flavian emperor, linked to the colosseum and resoring rome after nero

trajan

high empire emperor, connected to military victory, trajans forum

hadrian

high empire emperor know for phihellenism, travel, hadrian villa, hadrians wall and the pantheon

commodus

emperor after marcus aurelius; often connected to instability and weakening imperial image

caracalla

severan emperor, connected to the baths of caracalla and powerfil imperal military imagery

aurelian

3rd century emperor connected to strengthening romes defenses and the aurelian wall

maxentius

rival of constantine, connected to the basilica of maxentius constantine and the political conflict before constantine

etruscans

: A major Italian culture north of Rome; influenced Roman temples, tombs, sculpture, religion, and early kingship.

Julius Caesar

: Late Republican general/dictator; his assassination in 44 BCE helped push Rome toward imperial rule.

livia

wife of augustus; important imperial woman tied to the public image of the Augustan family.

nero

Julio-Claudian emperor; associated with the Domus Aurea, luxury, excess, and later negative memory

Pliny:

Roman writer/eyewitness source connected to the eruption of Vesuvius and Pompeii.

Apollodorus of Damascus:

Architect/engineer associated with major Trajanic projects.

Marcus Aurelius:

Late 2nd-century emperor/philosopher; connected to military imagery and the Column of Marcus Aurelius.

Septimius Severus:

Military-backed emperor and founder of the Severan dynasty; connected to Leptis Magna and later imperial propaganda.

Soldier emperors:

Mostly 3rd-century military rulers who came to power during crisis and instability

Diocletian:

Late Empire emperor who created the Tetrarchy; connected to porphyry, tetrarchic art, and the palace at Split.

Constantine the Great:

4th-century emperor; legalized Christianity, sponsored Christian architecture, built Constantinople, and used the Arch of Constantine for propaganda.