ADPR412s

What are the Strength aand Weaknesses in SWOT analysis?

Internal

What are the Opportunites and Threats in SWOT analysis?

External

The Barcelona Principles are:

1. Goal setting and measurement are fundamental to communication and public relations ,Measuring communication outcomes is recommended versus only measuring outputs ,The effect on organization performance can and should be measured where possible, Measurement and evaluation require both qualitative and quantitative methods, Advertising Value Equivalently (AVE) is not the value of communication, Social media can and should be measured consistently with other media channels, Measurement and evaluation should be transparent, consistent and valid

The Belmont Report is:

respect of persons, beneficence, and justice

During the Belmont Report, the first rule created was repsect of person’s but there are two factors in which participants can’t join a study which are:

Decisional impairment- they don't have the mental capacity to make the decision to be a part of  the research (children) or situational/positional vulnerability- the individual might be susceptible to take part in the study (prisoners)

Variable

is a concept that takes on more than one value within the research project

Values

are the amount or degrees in which the variable can be represented (variables always have more than one possible answer and the values are those answers)

Data Fabrication

when a researcher makes up some or all data reported in a research study

Data Falsification

is changing or omitting data in order to achieve desired results

Define Beneficence

it means having the interests of the research participants in mind and meaning the researchers must maximize the benefits and minimize the risks for participants

Anonymity

means that there is no way to connect the data to an individual participant

Confidentiality

means that the researcher does have the ability to link identifying information to specific participants but the researcher promises not to make links between specific participants and their data known

Define Justice

focuses on the balance of benefit and harm across groups of people and that there should be fairness of distribution and that nobody should be excluded unless there is a certain social group that you need their perception on

Stratified cluster sampling-

similar to random cluster sampling but adds a stratification process that divides the population into subgroups

Cluster random sampling-

involved multiple levels of random selection, starting with large areas of the population and moving to smaller areas of the population to create a sample

Stratified random sampling-

is conducted that allows for control over how subgroups of the population are represented within the sample

Systematic random sampling-

starting with master list of everyone in population, numbers are assigned to each person and every nth person on the list is selected

Simple random sampling-

starting with master list of everyone in population numbers are assigned to each person and a random number generator is used to select the sample

T or F: A MEASURE CAN BE RELIABLE WITHOUT BEING VALID; A MEASURE CAN NOT BE VALID UNLESS IT IS RELIABLE.

True

Nominal-

placing data into categories ( during a certain amount of time, what types/how often did you have something and checking all that apply)

Ordinal

incorporates the idea of placing data into categories (as in a nominal level measurement) but goes a step further to allow ranking for those categories (ranking from least to favorite)

Interval

allows for rank ordering with the assumption of equal distance between points on the ranking scale (more uniform ranking rather that the ordinal level) (strongly disagree to strongly agree)

Ratio

involves rank ordering with equal distance between points on the scale and real mathematical value assigned to integers (counting) (how many times of doing something)

Qualitative methodologies-

usually focus on a smaller sample with a focus on providing an in-depth understanding of an issue/ results are in the form of themes or descriptions (focus groups, interviews, observations) 

Quantitative methodologies

require studying a large sample using precise measurement/ the data collected by this research typically are analyzed statistically and results are presented as numerical and statistical comparisons (surveys, experiments)

AVE ()

is a measure that seeks to quantify the benefit to a client from a public relations campaign

What did the Belmont Report develop that was a set of specific rules and procedures for conducting research with human participants which governs research at all U.S. federal agencies and American Universities?

Common Rule

Define Outcomes

what has changed (the results or impact of the outputs)

Define Outputs

what is produced (direct, measurable products of the research)

Define Scale

is a set of questions designed to measure a concept
that cannot be adequately represented with a single
question (in other words, it is multidimensional)