Computer Memory: RAM, ROM, and Cache

Vocabulary flashcards covering primary memory categories, including RAM types (SRAM, DRAM), cache memory, and ROM classifications (MROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM).

RAM (Random Access Memory)

A volatile memory used to store data temporarily while the computer is working, losing its stored data when the computer is switched off.

ROM (Read Only Memory)

A non-volatile memory used to store data permanently at manufacturing time, retaining its data when the computer is switched off.

Cache Memory

A very high speed memory placed between the CPU and primary memory that copies data from frequently accessed primary memory locations to speed up CPU operations.

SRAM (Static RAM)

A fast, expensive RAM category that uses transistors to store data, requires no periodic refreshing, consumes less power when idle, and is mainly used for cache memory ($L1$, $L2$, $L3$).

DRAM (Dynamic RAM)

A cheaper RAM category that uses transistors and capacitors, requires periodic refreshing thousands of times per second, and is mainly used as main memory in computers.

MROM (Masked ROM)

A type of ROM where data is physically masked into circuits using a photographic process during chip manufacturing, making it permanently unchangeable.

PROM (Programmable ROM)

A type of ROM sold blank and written after manufacturing in the field or lab using a PROM Programmer, remaining non-erasable once written.

PROM Programmer (Burner)

A specialized device used to write data onto a blank PROM chip after manufacturing.

EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM)

A type of ROM written after manufacturing that features a quartz window and must be erased entirely using high-intensity Ultraviolet (UV) light before rewriting.

EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM)

A type of ROM that is electrically erased and written at the byte level without UV light, commonly used in BIOS chips, smart cards, and device firmware.