PSYC 401 — TEST 1 Thirty Sec review

Upregulation

The neuron increases the number of receptors it produces

Downregulation

The neuron decreases the number of receptors it produces.

Upregulation

more receptors

Downregulation

fewer receptors

Narcan

opioid antagonist

Epinephrine

hormone/fight-or-flight; skeletal muscle vasodilation

Norepinephrine

important sympathetic neurotransmitter

Endocannabinoids

retrograde/backward signaling

Graded potentials

add up EPSPs + IPSPs

EPSP (Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential)

toward firing

IPSP (Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential)

temporary change in a neuron's membrane potential that makes it less likely to fire an action potential

GABA

inhibitory

Glutamate

major CNS excitatory neurotransmitter

ACh

major excitatory transmitter in somatic PNS

Anterior pituitary

makes hormones

Posterior pituitary

stores/releases hypothalamic hormones

AChE

breaks down acetylcholine

Cortisol

stress/energy mobilization

Lidocaine

blocks Na⁺ channels

Na⁺/K⁺ pump

uses ATP to maintain ion gradients

Bioavailability

amount of drug reaching circulation

Narrow therapeutic index

small safety margin