GCHEM1 ORGO functionalcgroups

Got a final comin up so im creating this to review inshallah i get a 100 - fasih

Structure - CHO

• Carbonyl at end of chain

• Functional group: Aldehyde

• Polar? Yes

• Structure: R–OH

• Functional group: Alcohol

• Key feature: –OH bonded to carbon

• IMF: Hydrogen bonding

• Polar? Yes

• Common trap: Don’t confuse with phenol (aromatic –OH)

• Structure: R–O–R

• single bonded oxygen to carbons

• Functional group: Ether

• Structure: R–CO–R

• Oxygen double bonded with carbon

• Functional group: Ketone

• Polar? Yes

• No hydrogen on carbonyl carbon

• Trap: Don’t confuse with aldehyde

• Structure: –COOH

• Functional group: Carboxylic acid

• Very polar

• Strong H-bonding

• Acidic proton present

• Trap: Has BOTH C=O and –OH

• Structure: –COO–

• Functional group: Ester

• Common in fragrances/fats

• Trap: Looks like acid but no –OH

• Structure: –NH₂ / –NHR / –NR₂

• Functional group: Amine

• Basic (lone pair on N)

• Can H-bond (if N–H present)

• Polar

• Trap: Don’t confuse with amide

• Structure: –CONH₂

• Functional group: Amide

• Carbonyl + nitrogen

• Very polar

• Strong H-bonding

• Structure: R–Cl / R–Br / R–I / R–F

• Functional group: Alkyl halide

• Polar bond

• No H-bonding

Identify the organic compound

Alkane

Identify the organic compound

Alkene ( double bond)

Identify the organic compound

Alkyne ( triple bond)

Identify the organic compound

Alkyl halide

Identify the organic compound R-OH

Alcohol

Identify the organic compound R-O-R

Ether

Identify the organic compound R-CO-R

ketone

Identify the organic compound CHO

Aldehyde

Identify the organic compound

Carboxylic acid