Gluteal Region, Posterior Thigh, and Popliteal Fossa

What is indicated by A?

Superior cluneal nerves

What is indicated by B?

Middle cluneal nerves

What is indicated by C?

Inferior cluneal nerves (posterior femoral cutaneous nerve)

What is indicated by D?

Lateral branch (iliohypogastric nerve)

What is indicated by A?

Perineal branches

What is indicated by B?

Inferior cluneal nerves

What is indicated by C?

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

What is indicated by A?

Sacrotuberous ligament

What is indicated by B?

Sacrospinous ligament

What ligament connects the ischial spine and lateral side of the sacrum?

Sacrospinous ligament

What ligament connects the PSIS and ischial tuberosity?

Sacrotuberous ligament

What is found superior to the sacrospinous ligament?

Greater sciatic foramen

What is found inferior to the sacrospinous ligament?

Lesser sciatic foramen

What is the function of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments?

Stabilization of the sacrum and pelvis

What are the functions of the hip joint?

Transfer body weight from pelvis to femur and mobility

What kind of joint is the hip joint?

Multiaxial ball-and-socket joint

What is the attachments of gluteus maximus?

Ilium, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament, and gluteal tuberosity of femur

What innervates gluteus maximus?

Inferior gluteal nerve

What is the action of gluteus maximus?

Extension and lateral rotation of thigh

What are the attachments of gluteus medius?

Ilium and lateral surface of greater trochanter

What innervates gluteus medius?

Superior gluteal nerve

What is the action of gluteus medius?

Abducts and rotates the thigh both medially and laterally

What fibers of the gluteus medius act toward medial rotation?

Anterior fibers

What fibers of the gluteus medius act toward posterior rotation?

Posterior fibers

What are the attachments of gluteus minimus?

Ilium and greater trochanter

What innervates gluteus minimus?

Superior gluteal nerve

What is the action of gluteus minimus?

Abducts and medially rotates thigh

What are the attachments of the tensor fascia lata?

Anterior iliac crest and iliotibial tract

What innervates the tensor fascia lata?

Superior gluteal nerve

What is the action of tensor fascia lata?

Flexes and medially rotates thigh at hip; stabilize knee joint

What are the abductors of the hip?

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia lata

What are the lateral rotators of the hip?

Piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, and obturator internus

What are the attachments of piriformis?

Anterior surface of sacrum and greater trochanter

What innervates piriformis?

Nerve to piriformis

What is the action of piriformis?

Lateral rotates extended thigh and abducts flexed thigh

What are the attachment of obturator internus?

Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and greater trochanter

What innervates obturator internus?

Nerve to obturator internus

What is the action of obturator internus?

Laterally rotates thigh

What are the attachments of superior gemellus?

Ischial spine and greater trochanter

What are the attachments of inferior gemellus?

Ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter

What innervates superior gemellus?

Nerve to obturator internus

What innervates inferior gemellus?

Nerve to quadratus femoris

What are the actions of superior and inferior gemellus?

Abducts and laterally rotates thigh

What are the attachments of quadratus femoris?

Ischial tuberosity and quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest

What innervates quadratus femoris?

Nerve to quadratus femoris

What is the action of quadratus femoris?

Laterally rotates thigh

What does the superior gluteal artery supply?

Upper portion of gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia lata

What does the inferior gluteal artery supply?

Lower portion of gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, superior and inferior gemelli

What vessels make up the cruciate anastomosis?

First perforating branch of deep femoral artery, inferior gluteal artery, lateral circumflex femoral artery, medial circumflex femoral artery

Where does the sciatic nerve emerge from?

Lumbosacral trunk, ventral rami of L4-S3

Where does the sciatic nerve pass?

Greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis

Where is it safe to administer intragluteal injections?

Superolateral quadrant of the gluteal region between PSIS and greater trochanter

What are the muscles of the posterior thigh ?

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris

What are the attachments of semitendinosus?

Ischial tuberosity and medial surface of proximal tibia

What innervates semitendinosus and semimembranosus?

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

What are the actions of semitendinosus and semimembranosus?

Extend thigh, flex leg, and medially rotate leg when knee is bent

What are the attachments of semimembranosus?

Ischial tuberosity and medial condyle of tibia

What are the heads of biceps femoris?

Long and short

What are the attachments of the long head of biceps femoris?

Ischial tuberosity and lateral fibula

What are the attachments of the short head of biceps femoris?

Linea aspera and lateral head of fibula

What innervates the long head of biceps femoris?

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

What innervates the short head of biceps femoris?

Common fibular division of sciatic nerve

What is the action of biceps femoris?

Flexes leg and rotates it when knee is flexed, extends thigh

What is the pes anserinus?

Merging of three muscle tendons (sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus) on the medial aspect of the tibia

What is the main blood supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Femoral artery

What is the main blood supply to the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Profunda femoris artery, perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery, and medial/lateral femoral circumflex arteries

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, lateral and medial heads of the gastrocnemius

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Tibial nerve, popliteal artery and vein, common fibular nerve, small saphenous vein, and lymphatics

What is the order of structures in the popliteal fossa from superficial to deep?

NVA (tibial nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal artery)

The popliteal artery is the continuation of what vessel?

Femoral artery

What are the branches of the popliteal artery?

Genicular arteries and anterior/posterior tibial recurrent arteries

What is the only genicular vessel of the popliteal fossa that does not anastomose with others?

Middle genicular artery

What does the middle genicular artery supply?

Cruciate ligaments and synovial membrane of the knee joint