history quiz 2

how did the U.S. policy toward Native Americans change in the last three decades of the 19th century?

• after the indian wars of 1860s and 1870s the fed government shifted from military conquest and reservation confinement to a policy of assimilation

• policymakers believed Native Americans should abandon their origins and adapt to American culture

the dawes act (1887)

divided tribal land into individual allotments, opened surplus land to white settlement. basically their goal was to turn Native Americans into independent farmers and assimilate them into American society

indian boarding schools

basically pushed american culture and ignored native american culture

Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)

basically the end of indian wars, native american resistance to the U.S. was over and like this was when the government started to focus on changing the native american’s culture

yellow journalism

a style of newspaper reporting that used exaggerated, shocking, or sometimes misleading stories to attract readers

William Randolph Hearst

contributor to yellow journalism, built a media empire on his father’s fortune, contributed to America joining the Spanish-American war

U.S. Navy ship Maine

Hearst uses this event to blame Spain, blaming them for not being careful and causing betrayal, Teddy Roosevelt called for U.S. intervention

what were some of the key motives, events, and ideals of US imperialism in the late-19th and early 20th century?

economic expansion, military strength, and national prestige

• americans believed the US should play a larger role in world affairs

Spanish-American War

US invaded spain colonies (Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Philippines)

Roosevelt Corollary

Theodore Roosevelt expanded the Monroe Doctrine, basically letting US’s power dominate Latin America

Philippines-American War

Filipinos fought against U.S. rule after expecting independence, U.S. refused to leave

The Panama Canal Zone

The U.S. support Panama’s independence from Colombia and built the canal to improve trade and naval mobility

basically, U.S. took advantage of a situation where Panama is controlled by Columbia. Roosevelt sent military to prevent Columbia from getting control over them as the U.S. allowed Panama to gain independence

Big Stick Diplomacy

the US should negotiate peacefully but be prepared to use military force if necessary to protect its interests

Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy

foreign policy that sought to increase U.S. influence abroad through economic investment rather than military force

so, funding for another country

Woodrow Wilson’s democratic paternalism

spread democracy

how did industrial workers and farmers organize, and what were the goals of organizations like the Knights of Labor and the People’s Party?

for industrial workers, knights of labor had to be made and for farmers, the people’s party (populists) were made bc they felt that businesses, railraods, and banks had too much power and it kinda rigged the work life of an individual in terms of being overworked and underpaid

Patrons of Husbandry (1867) and Farmers’ Alliance (1875)

aimed to assist farmers and store grain to maintain fair prices

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

blockade of trains, in response to wages being cut

Panic of 1873

the cause of the start of the great railroad strike of 1877. lots of money was being funded to railroad companies which led to a depression, banks closed, businesses failed, unemployment increased and it overall led to railroad companies to cut wages to save money

Haymarket Affair (1886)

taking place in Chicago, workers were protesting for 8hr workdays and eventually someone threw a bomb at the police officers

it led to a lot of people dying

Homestead Strike of 1892

basically Carnegie’s steel company wanted to cut wages but a worker refused which led to a strike, killing and injuring people which just led to the workers losing the strike

Pinkerton Armed Guards

people who were hired to protect the factory and help bring in replacement workers

the People’s party

a political party that voiced out opinions on that the government believed they valued wealthy bankers, railroads, and big businesses

William Jennings Bryan

a Democratic politician who supported the Populist party, saying that farmers should get free silver which farmers thought it can help out people pay off their debt

what was progressivism about in the progressive era and what were some examples of progressive issues and reforms

progressivism was a form movement that tried to solve the problems created by industrialization, urbanization, political corruption, and big business.

progressives believed the government should take action to improve society and make life fairer for ordinary Americans

four realms of progressive reform

economic, political, social, and environmental

muckrakers

exposed corruption, poverty, and hazardous living and working conditions

interstate commerce commission

government starts regulating railroads because farmers complained about unfair railroad rates (not too effective)

sherman antitrust act

first federal law against monopolies and trusts; intended competition and limit the power of big business (not effective

triangle shirtwaist factory fire

146 garment workers, mostly young Jewish and Italian women, died

exits were locked as anti-theft measure

spurred growth of International Ladies’ garment workers’ union

this incident caused the rise of workplace safety laws

Rose Schneiderman

polish, jewish immigrant that led protest movement

Robert La Folette

promoted the “Wisconsin Idea,” promoted reforms to make government more responsive to ordinary citizen instead of political bosses and corporations

wisconsin idea

government should work for ordinary people, not just big businesses and politcal bosses

hull house

founded by Jane Addams, a settlement house for Chicago immigrants

19th amendment

women’s right to vote, suffrage, was ratified at 1920

Henry Ford

created a new model of “welfare capitalism” knows as Fordism, made the assembly line which increased produced and lowered price. workers were paid good

square deal

conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection

anthracite coal strike

coal miners don’t get paid, Rosevelt intervenes which leads to getting higher pay and shorter hours

pure food and drug act

basically letting the Food and Drug administration check the contents of food

What role did Teddy Roosevelt play as an imperialist and progressive president?

As an imperialist, he made the Roosevelt Corollary which established US’s expansion of taking over Latin America as well. He made the big stick diplomacy and the panama canal. As a progressive, he used the sherman anti-trust act to break up monopolies (trust-busting), his square deal laid upon the three C’s: consumer protection, conservation of natural resources, and control of corporations. He also supported the pure food and drug act.

Why did the US join the Great War (WWI) and how did the nation prepare for total war?

Germany’s actions threatened American lives, trade, and national security.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germany used U-boats to sink ships around Britain. American ships and citizens inside them were killed.

Zimmermann Telegram

Britain translated a secret message from Germany to Mexico, saying that they will give them back their land if they join the war against U.S.

Wilson’s Idealism

Wilson argued that the U.S. must make the world “safe for democracy.” Basically saying that joining the war as a way to protect democratic governments.

selective service act

military draft for men aged 21-30

war industries board

created to coordinate production of munitions and wartime provisions

Taxes and “liberty” bonds

it grew to provide funds for the war

Committee on Public Information

a U.S. propaganda agency that was based on journalism, showing support, raise funds, and sell the war to the American public

Espionage Act

against interference w/ military and support of American enemies

Sedition Act

prohibited anti-war speech, including “disloyal, abusive” language about the government

Schenck v. United States

basically government can limit free speech if it creates clear and present danger to the country, especially during wartime

Palmer Raids (part of red scare)

U.S. attorney general A. Mitchell Palmer led a series of raids on suspected communists, socialists, and anarchists leading to illegal searches and thousands of arrests and deportations