Chapter 17, the heart

What is the atria?

superior two chambers of the heart

what is the pulmonary arteries?

leads from the pulmonary trunk to the lungs

what is the aorta?

large artery on the superior aspect of the heart that carries oxygenated blood

what is the pulmonary trunk?

artery located on the superior aspect of the heart between the two auricles that carries deoxygenated blood.

a ECG is a graphic recording of what?

the electrical activity of the heart

what is the most muscular chamber?

left ventricle

what is the inner lining of the heart called?

endocardium

what valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle?

bicuspid (mitral) valve

what heart chamber pushes blood through the aortic semilunar valve?

left ventricle

name the irregular ridges of muscle lining the ventricles that are not indirectly connected to the atrioventricular valves

trabeculae carneae

what fibrous structure functions to anchor the atrioventricular valves in a closed position?

chordae tendineae

blood on the right never mixes with blood on the left, once the heart is fully developed.

true

what is the function of the coronary circulation?

provide a blood supply to the heart

what is the ligament arteriosum?

a remnant of ductus arteriosus

which chamber of the heart exits into the pulmonary trunk?

right ventricle

what are the ear-like flaps that are attached to the top chambers of the heart?

auricle

the first branch off the arch of the aorta is rhetorical brachiocephalic artery in both sheep and human

true

where is the base of the heart located?

the top of the heart

the beginning of the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram (ECG) immediately precedes which of the following events?

closing of the atrioventricular valves

which of the following can be heard with a stethoscope most easily?

closing of the atrioventricular valves

which part of intrinsic conduction system normally initiates the depolarizing impulse that causes a heartbeat?

SA node

which of these structures conduct action potentials the slowest?

AV node

the anatomy of the intrinsic conduction system causes contraction of the ventricles to begin at the apex and move superiorly. why is this important?

so blood is forced upward, towards the semilunar valves

a person notices his or her heart beat because they can sense the blood being pumped by the heart. excessive caffeine intake can lead to arrhythmias that patients perceive as “skipped beats”. given that caffeine is a stimulant, which of the following mechanisms best explains the reason for the feeling that the heart skipped a beat?

purkinje fibers initiate spontaneous action potentials, which cause the ventricles to contract early

after leaving the left ventricle, blood ravels through what valve?

aortic semilunar valve (SL)

from the vena cava, blood flows to the

right atrium

which atrioventricular valve is found on the left side of the heart?

bicuspid (mitral valve)

blood on the right side of the heart is mostly:

oxygen poor (deoxygenated)

blood traveling through the pulmonary trunk has just passed through which valve?

pulmonary SL

blood from your head and neck will travel to the right atrium through the:

superior vena cava

after leaving the right atrium, blood passes through which valve?

tricuspid

What term matches P-wave

atrial depolarization

What term matches P-R interval

atrial systole

What term matches QRS complex

ventricular depolarization

What term matches R-T interval

ventricular systole

What term matches T wave

ventricular repolarization

What term matches T-R interval?

ventricular diastole

what is the component of the cardiac conduction system known as the pacemaker?

sinoatrial SA node

what is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles

atrioventricular bundle

what fibers are located in the ventricular walls and papillary muscles?

purkinje

what is the act of listening to the internal sounds of the body?

auscultation

what is the whooshing or hissing sound caused by turbulent blood flow?

murmur

what is the sound produced when the semilunar valves closed?

S2 (dub)

The first of the two sounds heard is produced by what valves closing?

atrioventricular

what is it called when a resting heart rate is greater then 100bpm

tachycardia

what is the typical average resting heart rate in bpm

60 to 100