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Free elements
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Monatomic ions
Their charge
Group 1 metals
+1
Group 2 metals
+2
Hydrogen
+1 usually, but -1 in metal hydrides (Ex. NaH, LiH)
Oxygen
-2 usually, but -1 in peroxides (H2O2)
Sum of oxidation numbers
Overall charge
What is the difference between oxidation numbers and charge?
Charge tells you the actual overall electrical charge of an atom or ion, while oxidation number tells you how electrons are assigned to an atom in a compound. The word charge is used for the entire compound, and oxidation number is used for each individual element.