Clas 102 Midterm

Prometheus

“He who thinks before” He can see the future. He sacrificed an ox and gave the bones and fat wrapped in skin to the gods to trick them, but Zeus knew and just played along as if he was unaware. Zeus punished the humans by taking away fire. Prometheus stole it back and was then punished by Zeus by being bound to Mt Caucasus, and an eagle was to come and eat his liver every day as it grew back (30,000 years)

Pandora:

Giving all gifts, Was ordered to be born by Zeus, Has a nature similar to that of Hephaistos, Aphrodite, Athena and Hermes. Zeus gave her a jar (Pithos); not sure why he gave it to her, she opened it, letting all evil out, and when she closed it, she closed hopis (hope) in the jar.

Lycaun:

A cannibal who, without realizing it, tried to trick Zeus into eating human meat. A lightning bolt by Zeus struck him and he ran from his palace into the country where he transformed into a wolf (Etiological)

The Flood:

Zeus decided to destroy humans so he caused a flood and 2 people survived Prometheus’s son and Pyrrha (Epimetheus and Pandoras daughter) They asked Themis to give them companions, she told them they needed to throw Gaia’s bones over their shoulders. So they picked up rocks and threw them over their shoulders creating men and women and Gaia just created the rest of life with moist earth.

Zeus:

Epithets - Father of gods and men, Cloud gatherer, loud or high thunderer and aegis bearer, Attributes - His thunder bolt, Animals/Plants - Bulls and Oak trees Cult Centers - Olympia and Nemea

Hera:

Epithets - Cow eyed/Ox eyed Attributes - Golden throne Animals/Plants - Cows, Pomegranates (marriage/fertility) Cult Centers - Argos

Poseidon:

Epithets - Earth shaker, Hippios Attributes - Trident Animal  - Eagle Cult Centers - Pylos

Hades:

Epithet - Hades(Unseen/invisible), Host of many Attributes - helmet of invisibility, No cult centers, animals or plants

Tartaros:

Where the truely evil went in the afterlife, 5 rivers needed to be crossed Styx - River of Hate, Acheron - River of Sorrow, Cochytos - River of Weeping and Whaling, Phlegethon - River of Fire (cremation?), Lethe - River of Forgetfullness (reincarnation)

Tantalos:

Stole nectar and became immortal, Invited the Gods to a feast and served his son, Pelops. Zeus brought Pelops back to life and punished Tantalos to always be hungry and thirsty. He was Tantalized.

Sisyphos:

Trickster, and cunning. When Thanatos came to claim him he was able to capture her and had her remove death from the world. Hades complained and Zeus sent Sisyphos to the underworld to forever push a boulder up a hill.

Orpheus:

Archetype - he played the lyre, he sang so beautifully his music was magical.

Eurydice:

The love of Orpheus - Orpheus went down to the underworld to get her back and used his lyre to get a ride from Charon, Then used it to tame Cereberus, Then he used it to convince Persephone to talk to Hades to let him out of the underworld. He did under one condition he didn’t look back at Eurydice until they were out. But before leaving, he had to make sure she was there, and she vanished, after which he swore off women. He was eventually torn apart by Maenads. Hus muses collected his body parts and buried them at the foot of Mt. Olympus.

Demeter:

God of Agriculture, two children - Persephone and Arion (Archaetype of earth and sky), Epithet - She who brings the season Attribute - Ear of wheat, barley and grain Animals - Sow and piglets Plants - Wheat and opium poppy (used to heal wounds) Cult centers - Eleusis (Eleusinian Mysteries)

Aphrodite:

Born from Ouranous genitals, Non Hellenic deity, Goddess of Love and Beauty. Epithets - Cytherea, Cypris/Cyprian, Golden, Laughter Attribute - magic belt/Love charm Bird - Dove Plants - Apple, Red rose Cult Centers - Paphos, Sparta Attendants - Seasons/Hours(Horai), Graces

Hephaistos:

Non-Hellenic God, Epithets - Lemminion, Foot dragger Attributes - Hammer, Anvil, Forge, Axe No animals, plants or birds. Cult centers - Lemmnus and Athens Attendants - Robots human, like female beings made of gold, could speak. 20 tripod (3 feet) tables with wheels attached so they could move as he needed. Cyclopes represent thunder, lightning.

Ares:

God of War, Epithet - Man slayer Attributes - Weapons of war Animal - Dog Bird - Vulture (scavengers) No cult centers Attendants - Eris(strife/Discord), Phobos (Fear) and Deimos (Terror)

Athena:

Born from Zeus’s head,  Pre - Hellenic deity, Never fell in love, Epithets - Pallas, Glaucopis, Potnia Athena Attributes - Military Helmet, spear, shield and Aegis (cape) Animal - Snake Bird - Owl Plant - Olive tree Cult centers - Athens, Sparta, Troy (myths)

Bacchae:

Pentheus doesn’t believe Dionysis has talked to Zeus as he disguses himself as a mortal. Dionysis is disappointed by Pentheus’s (hubris) Dionysis convinces him to go up the mountain dressed as a women to see them without getting attacked. He ends up getting attacked by his mother and her sisters in a trance like state. He is killed and Dionysis lets her see what she did and exiles her, Her father and his wife end up with war and suffering on their land soon after.

Artemis:

Pre - Hellenic deity, Goddess of Wild, Untamed, Also the Goddess of Hunting Epithets - Pheobe(bright + shining), She who delights in arrow, Potnia Theron, Selene, Hecate Attribute - Bow and Quiver of Arrows Animals - Female Lion, Bear, Deer/Stag, Wild boar Bird - Quail

Orion:

Giant Hunter, Gathering the shades of the animals he hunted.

Apollo:

Non-Hellenic deity, God of sport, music, medicine, plagues, philosophy and prophecy. Son of Zeus and Leto, Artemis’s twin brother. Unlucky in love, standing apart, Father of one child - Asclepius, Became connected with Helios Epithets - Delian, Phoebus, The far shooter, He who shoots from afar, Pythian and Delphinian Attributes - Bow and quiver of arrow, Lyre and Tripod(stool) Plant - Laurel Bird - Raven Animal - Wolf Cult Centers - Delos and Delphi

Homeric Hymn to Hermes:

Hermes steals half of Apollo’s cattle, and the story being told is framed around the invention of the lyre made of a tortoiseshell and other animal part. He appeased Apollo’s anger by giving him the gift of the lyre and music itself.

Themis:

Name means traditional law, Mother of Order, Justice and Peace.

Mnemosyne:

Means memory and the mother of the Muses her and Zeus children.

Golden Age:

No work, no disease, no suffering

Silver Age:

Childhood was 100 years

Iron Age:

Babies were born with gray hair.

Atlas:

His punishment given to Zeus for going against him was to hold up the sky.

Typhios/Typhon:

100 snake heads, Fire shooting from his eyes, Noises he makes.(Archaetype) Zeus defeating him.

Helios:

God of the sun, is the sun goes across the sky everyday “He who sees and hears all things”